Abstract
Sensors containing metal–carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid materials as the active sensinglayer were demonstrated for ethanol vapor detection at room temperature. The metal–CNThybrid materials were synthesized by infiltrating single wall carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) with the transition metals Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd or Pt. Each sensorwas prepared by drop-casting dilute dispersions of a metal–CNT hybrid ontoquartz substrate electrodes and the impedimetric responses to varying ethanolconcentration were recorded. Upon exposure to ethanol vapor, the ac impedance (Z′) of the sensors was found to decrease to different extents. The sensor containingpristine CNT material was virtually non-responsive at low ethanol concentrations (<50 ppm). In contrast, all metal–CNT hybrid sensors showed extremely high sensitivity to traceethanol levels with 100-fold or more gains in sensitivity relative to the starting SWNTsensor. All hybrid sensors, with the exception of Ni filled CNT, exhibited significantlylarger sensor responses to ethanol vapor up to 250 ppm compared to the starting SWNTsensor.
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