Abstract
Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess remarkable nonlinear optical properties; a particular application is to function as a mode locker used in ultrafast fiber lasers to produce ultrashort optical pulses. Various types of CNT saturable absorbers (SAs) and ultrafast fiber lasers have been demonstrated. In this review, typical fabrication process and development of CNT SAs are discussed and we highlight the recent investigation and progress of state-of-the-art ultrafast fiber lasers covering GHz, bidirectional ultrafast fiber lasers, vectorial mode fiber lasers, comb systems, and mode-locking dynamics. Our perspectives of ultrafast fiber lasers based on CNT SAs are given finally.
Highlights
In the past few decades, ultrafast fiber lasers have gained enormous attention and found applications covering broad fields from fundamental research to industrial process, Ultrashort pulses are generally produced by inserting a nonlinear optical element into a resonator cavity as an intensity discriminator, which is called a saturable absorber (SA)
Commercial Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) powders can be produced by several processes, including arc discharge (AD), laser ablation (LA), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), high-pressure carbon monoxide reaction (HiPco), and cobalt and molybdenum catalyst process (CoMoCAT)
Nishizawa’s group used the SWNT PI film to achieve soliton [259] and stretched pulse [260] mode locking in Er-doped fiber lasers and accomplish the stabilization of fr and f0 adopting similar configurations depicted in Figure 9C and D
Summary
In the past few decades, ultrafast fiber lasers have gained enormous attention and found applications covering broad fields from fundamental research to industrial process,. The development of CNT SAs based on fiber laser may be summarized as: (1) The initial demonstration of CNT SAs for different gain medium, operation wavelength, operation states (Q-switching, mode locking) to ensure the feasibility; (2) In view of the superior properties as an SA, effective modification of cavity design gains more interests including wavelengthtuning, wavelength-switching, multiwavelength, pulseshaping regime switching, etc. These phenomena assure the stability and compatibility of CNT SAs; (3) The recent cases pay more attention to advanced applications and research platforms as physical mechanism.
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