Carbon Footprint of Environmental Science Students in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand

The major activity produced waste in university was generated by meetings in various types of food packaging for break and lunch box, especially in the context of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand. Therefore, this research aimed to (1) identify waste characteristics from packaging of coffee brake and lunch box in the general meeting, (2) studied carbon footprint emission from general meeting and green meeting and (3) estimated Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) reduction from green meeting in the university at the Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand. The data was conducted for 3 months and arranged 3 times for green meetings and general meetings. The results of waste characteristics from packaging showed that in one set box of coffee brake contained kraft paper (paper box), plastics bag, stencil paper, aluminium sheet, tissue paper, and plastic bottle (PET). In general meeting, GHGs emission equal 1.6 KgeCO2/person/meeting whereas for green meeting GHGs emission was only 0.94 KgeCO2. Overall of GHGs reduction from green meeting calculated from arrangement of meeting once a week, and in 1 year GHGs can be reduced 34.32 KgeCO2 per person.

Connecting food supply chains

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于生命周期评价的上海市水稻生产的碳足迹 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201304240794 作者: 作者单位: 上海市农业科学院,上海市农业科学院,上海市农业科学院,上海市农业科学院,江西农业大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家科技部支撑计划后世博专项资助项目（2010BAK69B18）；上海市科委崇明科技攻关专项资助项目（10DZ1960101） Life cycle assessment of carbon footprint for rice production in Shanghai Author: Affiliation: Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Seed management station of Shanghai,,,Jiangxi Agricultural University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:碳足迹是指由企业、组织或个人引起的碳排放的集合。参照PAS2050规范并结合生命周期评价方法对上海市水稻生产进行了碳足迹评估。结果表明：（1）目前上海市水稻生产的碳排放为11.8114 t CO2e/hm2，折合每吨水稻生产周期的碳足迹为1.2321 t CO2e；（2）稻田温室气体排放是水稻生产最主要的碳排放源，每吨水稻生产的总排放量为0.9507 t CO2e，占水稻生产全部碳排放的77.1%，其中甲烷（CH4）又是最主要的温室气体，对稻田温室气体碳排放的贡献率高达96.6%；（3）化学肥料的施用是第二大碳排放源，每吨水稻生产的总排放量为0.2044 t CO2e，占水稻生产总碳排放的16.5%，其中N最高，排放量为0.1159 t CO2e。因此，上海低碳水稻生产的关键在降低稻田甲烷的排放，另外可通过提高氮肥利用效率，减少氮肥施用等方法减少种植过程中碳排放。 Abstract:Global climate change has become an urgent issue of concern. Climate change will increasingly threaten our food production, security and even the survival of the human race. It also has a serious impact on natural ecosystems and the socioeconomic system. With the increasing scale and improvement in mechanization levels, the economic linkage between agricultural production and reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions is even closer in the agricultural production system. Therefore, the development of a low-carbon agricultural model is one of the long-term strategies for low-carbon economic growth throughout the country.This research of carbon footprint is introduced to measure the GHG emission over the rice production cycle. The carbon footprint can be defined as the total carbon emissions caused by an organization, event, product or person. At present, carbon footprints are used to measure GHG emissions in products, services, organizations, cities and countries and offer the decision basis for the formulation of GHG emission reduction schemes.Agricultural ecological systems, every year, also produce a lot of GHG emissions. The whole process of prenatal, intrapartum and postpartum agricultural production are closely related to energy consumption and GHG emission. In the process, all the agricultural inputs, such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, cultivation, plant protection, agricultural machinery, irrigation and harvest also produce greenhouse gas emissions.The whole cultivation of rice involves methane (CH4) emission. This study shows that rice cultivation is one of the biggest sources of GHG emissions in crop cultivation. Rice paddies emit a large amount of methane in their water logged mode. Different irrigation modes have a great influence on the emission of GHG. Straw return is another factor that promotes GHG emissions. Soil organic content increases with the return of straw, with an increase in the soil methanogen activity, leading to increased methane emissions.The current carbon footprint research is the first time it has been used to measure the carbon emissions involved in rice production. The carbon footprint for rice production in Shanghai was assessed by the PAS2050 paradigm and life cycle assessment. The study area, located in Changjiang Farm, which belongs to the Guangming Group in Chongming County Shanghai City atlatitude 121°32'22' E, longitude31°40'23' N. Chongming County, in the Yangtze River Estuary, is a typical sub tropical monsoon climate with mild climate, abundant rainfall, annual average temperatures of 15.3 ℃, and annual precipitation of 1245 mm. It is the major grain production base for Shanghai city with winter wheat and summer rice forming their main planting patterns, which are typical for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River rice-wheat rotation cropping pattern.The entire carbon emission of rice production in Shanghai was 11.8114 t CO2e (CO2-equivalents)/hm2, corresponding to a 1.2321 t CO2e/t rice grain yield. GHG emissions from paddy fields were the major source, which emitted 0.9507 t CO2e/t rice and accounted for 77.1% of total carbon emissions during rice production. Moreover, CH4 was the largest source for GHG emissions with a contribution rate of 96.6%.Chemical fertilizers were the second largest emission source in rice production. Chemical fertilizers emitted 0.2044 t CO2e for each ton of rice production, contributing 16.5% of total carbon emissions in rice production. N fertilizer was the biggest emission source, which released 0.1159 t CO2e/t rice.This research investigates the GHG emissions over the whole process of the Shanghai rice production cycle and reveals the energy consumption and GHG emissions in rice production. Thus, a rice carbon footprint is calculated by assessing the GHG emissions in Shanghai rice production. The results are beneficial for producing reduction plans of reducing GHG emissions in Shanghai rice production. Furthermore, the results will supply both practicable and theoretical foundations for drafting carbon footprint formulations in other industrial areas. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

#36915 D37 – the green footprint of regional anesthesia

BackgroundClimate change poses a serious threat to the planet, mainly driven by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Dental laboratories contribute to GHG emissions through staff travel, waste, energy and water consumption, and procurement. Carbon footprinting is the process of quantifying the direct and indirect GHG emissions associated with a service. This study aimed to assess the Carbon Footprint (CFP) of private dental laboratories in Egypt.Materials and methodsData were collected from private dental laboratories in Cairo, Alexandria, and Elbeheira, Egypt in August 2024 through interview questionnaires. A CFP calculator was used to estimate carbon emissions from staff travel, waste, energy and water consumption, and procurement. The data of all laboratories was summed and divided to determine the average CFP per laboratory and per prothesis/appliance, both with and without the depreciation of dental equipment.ResultsData from 21 dental laboratories were collected. An average private dental laboratory in Egypt worked 309 days with a staff of around 7 persons and makes around 7119 prostheses/appliance per year. The CFP of dental laboratories was around 20,820 kg CO2e, equal to 2.9 kg CO2e per prosthesis/appliance. The largest contributor to the CFP was staff travel (43.6%), followed by procurement (27.8%), energy consumption (25%), waste (3.3%), and water consumption (0.1%). After including the depreciation of dental equipment, the CFP increased by 7.7%.ConclusionPrivate dental laboratories in Egypt produce a significant amount of carbon emissions. Staff travel was the major contributor to the carbon emission because each laboratory hired several couriers to deliver the prostheses/appliances and impressions. The CFP of electricity consumption was significant, likely because the air conditioning ran throughout the year to cool the machines down. Future studies are needed to develop customized country-specific CFP calculators to accurately measure the carbon emissions of dental laboratories in various settings. Preventing oral diseases, educating technicians on sustainable dental practices, optimizing public transportation, using bulk delivery services, shifting to renewable energy, and adopting circular economy are essential to mitigate the carbon emissions of dental laboratories.

ABSTRACTIncreasingly, universities are taking responsibility for climate protection. While there has been a growth of activities and studies on greening campus operations and curricula, student lifestyles may also be interesting to look at. This study focuses on student carbon emissions from consumption at the University of Applied Science in Konstanz, Germany. The study includes almost 10% of the university's students. Data on student lifestyle and emission patterns was collected via questionnaires and calculated with a web-based carbon calculator. The study analyzes personal carbon emissions and influencing factors from four consumption categories; housing (including heating and electricity), mobility (including private car use, public transport and aviation), food and other consumption. The findings show average students’ carbon footprint to be 10.9 t CO2 equivalent per year and of the same order of magnitude as the German average. While students cause less emission through heating because of smaller living space per person, they cause considerably more emission by aviation. A relatively small group of frequent flyers dominates aviation emissions. The study shows that the correlation between low income/expenditure and low carbon emissions is not valid for students due to high long-distance mobility.

The purposes of this research were (1) to survey the level of graduates’ desirable characteristics in the 21st century graduates of business administration students, Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University and (2) to explore multiple pair-wise comparisons between the characteristics of the department and the graduates’ desirable characteristics in the 21st century of the Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. This study is a quantitative study for which the specified population, chosen by the researcher, included employers of graduates and related parties of the students of business administration program, Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University in Bangkok and its vicinity. The data was collected by using questionnaires from 681 samples, which were included in this study using purposive selection technique. The data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics to explain or describe the properties or characteristics of the distribution of variables such as Percentage, Mean and Standard Deviation together with analyzing the differences between the mean values of the two sample groups whether they were actually different or not using one-way ANOVA. The Labour Market Trends / Graduate Desirable Characteristics In the 21st century/Business Administration GraduateThe results of the research revealed that the desirable characteristics of graduates in the 21st century as required from the employers of the graduates of business administration program in terms of morality and ethics were found with an overall average score at the highest level (= 4.68 and SD = 0.43) with honesty ranked at number 1 in particular. Parts of the sampled population which included governmental departments and state enterprise units were found requiring desirable characteristics of graduates in the 21s century of the Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, overall more than private agencies significantly at the level of 0.05

In the context of global climate change, carbon footprint (CF) becomes an important sustainability indicator for dairy production systems. To mitigation the CF of the dairy sector, insight into greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from individual farms is required. The objective of this study was to determine the primary contributors to GHG emissions at the farm-gate level, expressed as a carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq), to produce one kg of fat-and protein corrected milk (FPCM). Primary data about farms’ management and feeding practices were collected from twelve dairy farms that belong to Gyeonggi-do province, which represent the most important region for milk production in South Korea. Allocation of GHG emissions between meat and milk was assessed as a physical allocation, 98% allocated to milk and 2% to meat (surplus of calves and culled cows). The CF of the evaluated farms averaged to 0.61 CO2-eq/kg of FPCM and ranged from 0.49 to 0.78 CO2-eq/kg of FPCM. Results indicated that the largest source of GHG comes mostly from enteric fermentation (83%), followed by manure management (6%), manure and fertilizer land application (8%) and energy consumption (3%). By type of gas emitted, methane accounted for 86% of total emissions, originating from enteric fermentation and manure management. Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide accounted for 11.6 % and 2.8% of total GHG emissions, respectively. Lactating cows contributed by 70% of total GHG emissions, whereas dry cows, heifers and calves contributed by 5, 22 and 3%, respectively. Differences in GHG emissions from the evaluated farms could be explained by differences in feed quality and management practices through manure and fertilizers application on cropland. This study contributes to identify the main sources of GHG production in dairy farms, which can help to define mitigation strategies towards the transition to neutral carbon emissions of the dairy sector.

The global food system is a major contributor to climate change with 23–42% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Thus, the transition to sustainable food systems and dietary patterns represents a big challenge and a key solution to feed a fast-growing world population while maintaining safe planet boundaries of sustainability. Organic farming is often proposed as a sustainable option, however a debate is open on its effectiveness in reducing the impact on climate when compared to conventional agriculture. Therefore, there is a need for clear indicators of climate and environmental sustainability to duly inform the food system actors and foster an effective transition towards sustainable food production and consumption. The carbon footprint (CF) is one of the most used indicators to assess the sustainability of food as it measures the contribution to climate change in terms of GHG emissions with different metrics (e.g. GHG per unit of product or per unit of land).Through a systematic analysis of the existing peer-reviewed studies allowing an unbiased comparison of product-based vs land-based CF, this study shows that organic food has on average lower impact on climate than conventional, both when the CF is assessed per ‘land unit’ (−43% GHG emissions, average) and per ‘product unit’ (−12% GHG emissions, average). However, the two CF metrics provide diverse results, even opposite in some cases, when individual conventional vs organic food types are compared: organic food results to be more sustainable than conventional in almost all cases when the ‘land unit’ CF metric is compared; conversely, conventional food results to be less impacting than organic in the 29% of cases when the ‘product unit’ CF is considered. According to these results, although the CF per unit of product is far more used and provides useful indications on the food emissions intensity, in some cases it can bring a misleading message towards unsustainability, with the paradox of making more preferable food that apparently shows lower impact per unit of product while having higher emissions per land unit. Contrariwise, the CF per unit of land better reflects the actual agricultural contribution to climate change which is driven by the land-atmosphere GHG fluxes.According to this study's results and in view of the global climate policies' targets which foster organic food production and the transition to sustainable diets, an extensive conversion of the existing global croplands into organic lands would significantly contribute to reducing total GHG emissions from the land sector.

Health Care and Climate Change: Challenges and Pathways to Sustainable Health Care.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 西安市温室气体排放的动态分析及等级评估 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201305271199 作者: 作者单位: 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 陕西省软科学研究计划项目(2012KRM48);国家社会科学基金项目(14XKS019);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金(10501-1214) Dynamic analysis of greenhouse gas emission and evaluation of the extent of emissions in Xi'an City, China Author: Affiliation: College of Tourism and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University,,,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为了解西安市温室气体排放的动态规律和排放水平,基于全球标杆的温室气体排放等级评价方法,并采用国际公认的《2006年IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》和基于IPCC的《省级温室气体编制指南》推荐的方法对西安市的温室气体排放进行了动态分析和排放等级评估。结果表明,从1995年到2011年,西安市温室气体排放呈快速上升趋势,16年间温室气体排放量从1207.16×104t 上升为3934.17×104t,年均增高7.66%。增幅最高的是水泥温室气体(年均增高11.75%)、废弃物(8.77%)和能源(7.63%),农业年均降低1.74%,林业固碳年圴增加3.56%。从温室气体构成看,能源占80.13%-90.55%,水泥占1.75%-7.49%,农业占1.86%-8.01%,林业固碳占-2.58%—5.22%,废物处理占7.52%-16.38%。可见能源消费的增加是导致西安市温室气体排放增长的主要原因,林业碳汇能力有待提高。万元GDP温室气体排放不断降低,说明西安市碳减排方面的科技进步在不断提高。人均、单位面积温室气体排放量和排放指数增速很快,年均增幅分别达5.84%、7.66%和6.84%。西安市温室气体排放等级持续增高,16年间从较低等级(Ⅰc)上升为中下等级(Ⅱa),目前距应对气候变暖目标(Ⅰb)已高出两个亚级,温室气体排放增高的趋势不容忽视。 Abstract:Global warming caused by greenhouse gas emission may cause severe environmental and social problems. Greenhouse gas accounting has become a hotly debated research topic. Internationally, some research has been undertaken on greenhouse gas accounting and some progress has been made; however, there are many shortcomings in this field. The main problem is that current research is mainly focused on carbon emission, particularly carbon emission from fossil fuel combustion, and is less involved in carbon fixation and ways of assessing regional carbon emission levels. In addition, the actual emission figures for greenhouse gases nationally and regionally in China were unknown. Although much research relates to carbon emission, the results are difficult to compare owing to inconsistent research methods and standards. Xi'an City, a historical and cultural tourist city in China, lies in the radiation center of the Guan-Tian economic zone. It is the economic, cultural, education, manufacturing and high-tech industry hub of northwest China. Xi'an will be an international metropolis in China in the near future. However, research relating to the greenhouse gas footprint in Xi'an is scarce. In this paper, the author proposed an evaluation system for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission to the level of global benchmarking using the methods recommended by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the Chinese Guidelines for Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and using this a dynamic analysis of GHG emission and evaluation of the extent of GHG emission in Xi'an City was performed. The results showed that, from 1995 to 2011, GHG emission showed a rapidly rising trend in Xi'an City, increasing from 1207.16×104t to 3934.17×104t, which represented an average annual increase of 7.66%. The largest increase was for cement (an average annual increase of 11.75%), waste (8.77%) and energy (7.63%) GHG. Agricultural GHG emission showed an annual reduction of 1.74%, while forestry carbon sequestration showed an annual average increase of 3.56%. In a breakdown of emissions, energy GHG accounted for 80.13%-90.55%, cement GHG for 1.75%-7.49%, agricultural GHG for 1.86%-8.01%, forestry carbon sequestration for -2.58%—5.22%, and waste treatment GHG for 7.52%-16.38%. An increase in energy consumption is the main cause of the increase in GHG emission in Xi'an City, and forestry carbon sequestration capacity needs to be improved. In Xi'an City, the GHG emission per 10,000 Yuan GDP was constantly decreasing, and progress in the science and technology of carbon emission has continuously improved. The GHG emission per capita, per unit area and per carbon emission index has increased very quickly, showing an average annual increase of 5.84%, 7.66% and 6.84% respectively. The carbon emission state in Xi'an City has increased continually from a low level (Ⅰc) to a middle level (Ⅱa), which was an increase of two sub-grades and which was two grades higher than the target set for the control of global climate warming. The increasing trend in carbon emission cannot be ignored. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of the pulp and paper industry were modeled and estimated. Aerobic, anaerobic, and hybrid biological processes were used for the removal of contaminants. In addition to the removal of carbonaceous compounds, anaerobic digestion of the produced sludge and the removal of excess nitrogen in the effluent of treatment plants by nitrification/denitrification processes were incorporated in the model. Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide were the major GHGs generated during the biological treatment, combustion, energy generation, and transportation. The generated biogas from the anaerobic processes was assumed to be recovered and used as a source of energy for the treatment plant, in an effort to reduce GHG emissions while decreasing the total energy needs of the WWTP. The established kinetic relationships of wastewater treatment processes along with mass and energy balances were employed for the simulation of different treatment systems and estimation of GHG emissions. Various sources of GHG emission were divided into on-site and off-site sources to simplify the modeling and simulation procedure. The overall GHG generation in the presence of biogas recovery was equal to 1.576, 3.026, and 3.271kg CO2-equivalent/kg BOD by the three examined systems. The energy produced by the recovery and combustion of biogas could exceed the energy demands of all different treatment plants examined in this study and reduce off-site GHG emission. The generation of GHGs from aerobic and hybrid processes increased by 27% and 33.2%, respectively, when N2O emission from nitrogen removal processes was taken into consideration.

Better information on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigation potential in the agricultural sector is necessary to manage these emissions and identify responses that are consistent with the food security and economic development priorities of countries. Critical activity data (what crops or livestock are managed in what way) are poor or lacking for many agricultural systems, especially in developing countries. In addition, the currently available methods for quantifying emissions and mitigation are often too expensive or complex or not sufficiently user friendly for widespread use.The purpose of this focus issue is to capture the state of the art in quantifying greenhouse gases from agricultural systems, with the goal of better understanding our current capabilities and near-term potential for improvement, with particular attention to quantification issues relevant to smallholders in developing countries. This work is timely in light of international discussions and negotiations around how agriculture should be included in efforts to reduce and adapt to climate change impacts, and considering that significant climate financing to developing countries in post-2012 agreements may be linked to their increased ability to identify and report GHG emissions (Murphy et al 2010, CCAFS 2011, FAO 2011).

Imposing versus Enacting Commitments for the Long‐Term Energy Transition: Perspectives from the Firm

BackgroundClimate change is a global challenge, caused by increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Dental clinical practice contributes to these emissions through patient and staff travel, waste, energy and water consumption and procurement. Carbon footprinting quantifies GHG emissions. This study assessed the Carbon Footprint (CFP) of private dental clinics in Egypt.Materials and methodsData were collected from private dental clinics in Alexandria and Elbeheira, in Northwestern Egypt from July to August 2024 through interview questionnaires. A CFP calculator was used to estimate carbon emissions from patient and staff travel, waste, energy and water consumption, and procurement. To determine the average CFP per clinic and per patient visit, the CFP of all clinics was averaged, both with and without considering the depreciation of dental equipment.ResultsData from 27 dental clinics were collected. The average CFP of an Egyptian private dental clinic, which, per year, received 3,322 patient visits, and where 5 personnel worked 279 days was 14,426.8 kg CO2e, or 4.3 kg CO2e per patient visit. The largest contributor to the CFP was patient travel (45.6%), followed by staff travel (19.6%), energy consumption (18%), procurement (12.4%), waste (4.2%), and water consumption (0.3%). After considering the yearly depreciation of dental equipment, the CFP per clinic in a year increased by 12.2%.ConclusionPrivate dental clinics in Egypt produce substantial carbon emissions. Patient travel was the major contributor to the CFP. While there was a high CFP of electricity consumption, the CFP of gas was zero. The high CFP of waste was likely due to improper segregation and the lack of recycling. Country-specific CFP calculators are needed to accurately measure the carbon emissions of dental clinics in various settings. Preventing oral diseases, raising public awareness to sustainable practices, promoting walking and cycling, improving public transportation, implementing waste recycling, shifting to renewable sources of energy, and local manufacturing of dental products are important to reduce carbon emissions in dental clinics.