Carbon dynamics in surface and deep soil in response to increasing litter addition rates in an agro-ecosystem

Abstract

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen deposition are predicted to increase fresh carbon (C) inputs in soils because of higher net primary productivity. However, relationship between soil C cycling and increased inputs of fresh C in soils is not clear. Moreover, most of the studies on soil organic carbon (SOC) focus on upper 20 cm although >50% SOC is present below this depth. We designed this study to unravel the response of SOC to 0% (control), 0.3%, 0.6%, 1.2% and 2.4% addition of maize litter (C4) to a surface (0–15 cm) and deep layers (55–75 cm) of a C3 soil. The isotopic difference between the maize litter and soil allowed distinguishing soil-derived (native) CO2-C from litter-derived CO2-C and calculating the priming effect (PE). Total respiration was measured over 78 d incubation whereas the PE was determined 39 d and 78 d after incubation. Our results showed that all the litter addition levels induced PE -stimulation of mineralization of the extant SOC in response to availability of fresh organic matter (FOM)- in surface and deep soil layers. Moreover, the PE was significantly higher in the deep than surface soil layer in response to all litter additions, except 2.4% treatment during the 2nd harvest. This result suggests that the deep SOC would mineralize at higher rates under similar supply of FOM to surface and deep soils in this agroecosystem. We also showed a significantly positive linear relationship between PE and litter addition rates for both soils implying continuous loss of SOC under increasing organic matter inputs. In conclusion, our study reveals that the deep soil C would be more vulnerable to priming effect in response to litter addition than the surface soil.