Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Capability of Green Spaces in Bogor City

This paper use the advanced experience of Japan in the area of disaster prevention green space planning and construction and, look at the status, gaps and challenges of China's construction and planning of Green Infrastructure, present the new thinking direction about the construction of disaster prevention green space combine with Green Infrastructure.Taking the construction of the disaster prevention green infrastructure network planning of Majiagou River in Harbin as an example and put forward related strategies.

Investigation of Adoption and Cognizance of Urban Green Spaces in India: Post COVID-19 Scenarios

The development of urbanization has led to the creation of various types of green spaces, which have a direct influence on vegetation types and soil management, This, in turn, results in differences in soil carbon sequestration capacities. However, the factors affecting soil carbon sequestration in different vegetation types within urban green spaces remain largely unexplored. To address this gap, the study focused on the soil of urban green space. A one-year field observation was conducted, utilizing local management archives and historical data, to evaluate variations in soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and soil organic carbon sequestration across grassland (GL), shrubs (SH), and forests stands (FS) within three types of green spaces: park green space (P), residential green space (Ra), and street green space (s). The results indicated that: (1) In comparison to grassland (GL), the CO2 flux of shrubs (SH) and forests stands (FS) declined by 10.73% and 14.46%, respectively, while the N2O and CH4 fluxes remained insignificant. Additionally, the annual increase in soil organic carbon was lower by 8.92% and 10.80% in shrub and forests stand, respectively; (2) Variations in greenhouse gas fluxes were also observed among the three types of green spaces. In comparison to park green spaces, the CO2 flux of residential and street soils decreased by 2.11% and 3.25%, respectively, while the N2O flux dropped by 16.61% and 22.41%, respectively. The CH4 flux remained insignificant. The annual increase of SOC in residential and streets was notably lower than that in parks green spaces, by 9.59% and 15.20%, respectively, indicating significant differences. This suggests that soil carbon sequestration capacity is highly responsive to changes in vegetation coverage and green space types, with WSOC, NH4+-N, and pH identified as the primary factors influencing the greenhouse gas flux in the three soils. This study provides data and a theoretical basis for the strategic selection of urban soil management measures, particularly in the context of achieving carbon neutrality goals.

Urban green open space is areas in a city or town filled with vegetation to support socio-ecological functions. These areas have increasingly threatened as a result of being converted to urban infrastructures. As an essential feature of city infrastructure, urban green space should be monitored according to the spatial plan of the city area. However, the space that has been assigned to the urban green space is not a match for its current use. One of the problems that caused urban green space usage mismatch is difficulties in identifying urban green space changes. Planetscope satellite imagery is a high-resolution satellite image that can be used to identify open green spaces in urban areas. In this research, we used an artificial intelligence method to develop a pixel classification process for accurate and efficient identification of the green open space. The results showed that Planetscope satellite imagery and artificial intelligence methods had 99% accuracy in monitoring green open spaces. The use of this technology can assist in the early detection of green open space changes effectively and efficiently.

Nature-based solutions for urban landscapes under post-industrialization and globalization: Barcelona versus Shanghai

This study deeply examines the livable environment in high-density cities like Macau, focusing on urban green spaces. The study introduces the “urban spatial naturalness degree” indicator, exploring its application with urban population growth and green space expansion. The research utilizes the planning indicator of “urban spatial naturalness degree”, and then explores the application paradigm of matching increments between urban population growth and green open space and a bottom-line planning indicator suitable for Macau. Among them, the “USND” indicator is defined as “the visual perception rate of blue and green natural elements in the three-dimensional space of urban land”, which is specifically expressed as “the average function of the occupation rate of urban green open space and the visibility rate of blue–green space of main street scenes”. Based on this, this paper estimates the incremental planning indicators of green open space in Macau and various urban areas during the implementation of the Master Plan of Macau (2020–2040). The results show the following: (1) The study found that the land increment in green open space in Macau basically matches the potential of reserve resources. (2) For Class I and Class II urban areas in Macau, the USND value is estimated to be 42.96% and 32.62% in 2040, respectively. These values are expected to reach the international excellent level. (3) For Class III and Class IV urban areas, the USND values could reach 20.14% and 15.14%, respectively, which are considered to be at the international middle level in 2040.

Urban green open space area is one of the strategies to deal with climate change mitigation and adaptation issues. As one of the relevant exemplifications of the “Urban Forest” concept and sustainable urban development, legal control of urban green open space is necessary to support the effort. This study examines urban green open space policies, practices, opportunities, and challenges in Bogor city regarding climate change mitigation and adaptation. Furthermore, local regulations, including legal issues, key players, and their roles in urban forest management were also discussed. A desk study with descriptive exploratory was implemented in this paper. The results showed that there are challenges in the implementation of urban green open space area policies into urban forest practices. The land size allocation for urban forests in Bogor, West Java, is still not by the existing policies as their land size is far less than 30%. Moreover, most local regulations have relatively paid little attention to private property policy. Local governments can enact local regulations for technical guidelines in short-term strategy as local regulations are expected to support the regional level of urban forests and green open space development. Multi stakeholders’ cooperation and community engagement are potential initiatives for urban forest development at the local government level for climate change resilience.

Carbon sinks in urban public green spaces under carbon neutrality: A bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review

In order to study the influence of urban green space landscape pattern on urban carbon emissions， nighttime lighting data， socioeconomic development data， and land use remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020 are used as the basis of analysis， and the three major coastal economically developed regions in China-Bohai Rim， Yangtze River Delta （YRD）， and Pearl River Delta （PRD） （nearly 100 cities in total） are used as the study area to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of urban carbon emissions， as well as the influence of urban green space landscape pattern and its spatial and temporal changes. We also explored the influence of 10 urban green space landscape pattern indices on urban carbon emissions by using the random forest model and the Lasso regression model and further analyzed the four factors （number of patches， density of patches， dispersion of patches， and complexity of the shape of patches） that had a greater influence by using the spatio-temporal geographically weighted regression model， to explore the results of the spatial and temporal evolution of the influence of the urban green space landscape pattern on carbon emissions. The main findings of this study are as follows： ① Carbon emissions in the three study areas showed a slow growth trend， with the Bohai Rim showing a relatively fast growth rate. Carbon emissions were spatially aggregated in the selected study areas， with the majority of cities in the "high and high" agglomeration and the "low and low" agglomeration regions. There was spatial aggregation of carbon emissions in the selected study areas， with the majority of cities in "high and high" agglomeration and "low and low" agglomeration. The land-averaged carbon emissions in the three study areas were dispersed in all directions， with the economically strong cities as the core， and the overall carbon emission level was dispersed from the center to the surroundings. Additionally， along the rivers and coastal areas， carbon emissions were higher due to the concentration of ports， industrial zones， and cities. ② Landscape occupied by patches， number of patches， and density of patches had a significant negative correlation with urban carbon emissions， which indicates that the higher the number， density， and proportion of the landscape occupied by urban green space patches， the more it could hinder the growth of carbon emissions. On the contrary， the shape index and patch fragmentation index had a positive correlation with urban carbon emissions， indicating that the higher the shape complexity of urban green space patches and the higher the fragmentation degree of patches， the more it promoted the growth of urban carbon emissions. In addition， the aggregation index also showed a significant negative correlation with urban carbon emissions， which indicates that the higher the degree of aggregation of patches， the more it could inhibit the growth of carbon emissions. ③ The correlation between the green space landscape pattern index and carbon emissions showed significant spatial and temporal differences， with large changes around 2010. In the Bohai Rim Region， the influence of the urban landscape pattern index on carbon emissions remained relatively stable， and its influence over time generally showed a decline. In the YRD Region， the shape complexity and dispersion of urban green space had a greater impact on carbon emissions than the number of patches and patch density factors. However， on the contrary， in the PRD Region， the impacts of the number of urban green spaces and density index were increasing. In addition， the spatial influence changes on all showed the clustering of regression coefficients. The impact of urban green space on carbon emissions varied greatly across locations and time， suggesting that policy makers cannot rely on a one-size-fits-all approach to urban green space planning. In the Bohai Rim Region， it is more important to balance the distribution of urban green space with other land uses to maintain stability； in the YRD Region， highly fragmented and overly complex green space patch planning should be reduced； and in the PRD Region， priority should be given to increasing the amount and distribution density of urban green space.

Green and blue spaces: crucial for healthy, sustainable urban futures

【Purpose】Urban green spaces mitigate carbon emissions, boost carbon sinks, and address environmental risks. Analyzing their types, carbon stocks, and key tree species' sequestration capacity aids in improving green space management. This advances the "Carbon Peak, Carbon Neutral" strategy, guiding greening industry development and robust ecosystem construction.【Method】A systematic survey was conducted at representative urban green space sites, establishing observation plots to study species composition and woody plant populations. The carbon sequestration capacity of major tree species was evaluated considering baseline carbon stock and a latitude correction parameter.【Result】The total carbon stock in Suqian's urban green spaces stands at 136,285.47 tons, with regional green spaces contributing the most, followed by parks and protective green spaces, while subsidiaries account for the least. Analysis reveals that the arbor layer is the primary carbon pool, surpassing soil, shrub, and herb layers. Notably, different arbor species exhibit significant variations in carbon sink capacity. There is an obvious difference in the carbon sink capacity of different tree species, and among the 30 major tree species in Suqian City, there is an obvious difference in the carbon sink capacity of different tree species, and there is an obvious difference in the carbon sink capacity of different tree species，Populus adenopoda, Populus × canadensis, Cedrus deodara, Triadica sebifera, Celtis julianae, Celtis sinensis, Liquidambar formosana, Malus spectabilis, Ligustrum lucidum, Acer buergerianum, Osmanthus fragrans, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Ginkgo bilobaet al. Carbon sink capacity is weaker, and the carbon sink capacity of species will not be insignificantly related to the length of the time interval, but will be affected by the latitudinal zonal space。【Conclusion】 For urban green space management, trees are pivotal, dominating carbon sequestration potential compared to shrubs and herbs. Thus, studying carbon sequestration and oxygen release of tree communities is crucial. Additionally, attention should be given to tree configuration and species selection, prioritizing locally adapted, high-carbon sequestration trees while considering landscape aesthetics and biodiversity conservation, for efficient urban green space management.

Introduction : The demands of space for housing, industrial, commercial, and recreation space, are increasing as the human population continues to focus on urban areas. This implies an increase and constant degradation of natural environments. Despite the negative effect that the urban areas have on the biodiversity, these can be considered as important areas for the conservation of native flora and fauna. This is because urban areas have different types of land uses, where green spaces, represent an important component for the conservation of biological diversity. This study estimated the richness and abundance of rodents and bats in urban and non-urban green spaces in the city of San Cristobal de Las Casas (SCLC), Chiapas, Mexico. Given the great variety of types of green space in an urban area, the richness and abundance of rodents and bats in these areas will depend on the characteristics of the vegetation (richness and abundance of vegetal species) and the formation of the surrounding matrix (types of uses of soil around the green space). Methods: This study was conducted in 10 sites with presence of green spaces in the urban area and the periphery of SCLC. The rodents and bats were captured monthly from March to August 2013, for three consecutive nights per site. We compared the richness of species, relative abundance and diversity index between urban and non-urban green spaces. Results: There were a total of 12 species and 108 individuals, belonging to three families, Muridae, Phyllostomidae, and Vespertilionidae. In the non-urban green spaces were captured 55 individuals of four species of native rodents, and 19 individuals of three species of bats. In the urban green spaces were captured 11 individuals of three species of rodents (a species was native), and 23 individuals of four species of bats. For the richness of species of mammals, the correlation analysis showed very low values of relationship regarding to the independent variables. Discussion and conclusions: The number of species recorded in this study in the two groups of green spaces (urban and non-urban), show that these spaces can hold more than 40% of the total number of species recorded for the municipality of San Cristobal de Las Casas. The capture of larger number of individuals of species of native rodents in the non-urban green spaces may be that in these areas there is greater availability of resources such as food, shelter and breeding sites, since these sites are part of a remnant of forest. In the case of bats, there were not significant differences in their diversity between urban and non-urban green spaces. This study found that the urban and non-urban green spaces in the interior and periphery of the city of SCLC, are important for the native fauna of rodents and bats. In this way, preserving green areas on the periphery of an urban landscape is decisive for the conservation of the native fauna of the region, since they are reservoirs of their diversity.

Today, one in two people live in urban environments, and this number is expected to rise. Urban ecology is among the main concepts of the ecological urban planning agenda for cities where the consequences of global warming and climate change are increasing day by day. Urban open green spaces provide a variety of ecosystem services for city dwellers. It is important that green spaces are accessible, efficient, walkable and properly planned in the city. Within this framework, via the relevant theoretical evaluation, a conceptual framework was constructed to redefine the urban neighborhood green index. Regarding the existing definitions within the related literature, this developed index includes quantitative, qualitative and perceptual parameters and has been newly introduced to measure and analyze green spaces in a more comprehensive layout. There is also a need to establish an ecological approach to urban planning to increase the quantity and quality of urban green spaces in Cyprus, including in Northern Nicosia. Therefore, Northern Nicosia, with its three selected neighborhoods, was chosen as the study area. As the main methodology of the study, a thorough assessment of the quantitative component of the developed index with its four parameters of per-capita green space, proximity to green space, area percentages and type of green spaces is made. Maps from the Town Planning Department and satellite images from the Nicosia Turkish Municipality and GIS were used for this quantitative measurement. Based on the findings, it can be argued that the urban green spaces are not sufficient when assessed based on most of the parameters evaluated within the study to construct a comprehensive green space index. It was found that the green spaces in the city are accessible, being within 337 m, which is reasonable. However, there are very few active and accessible open green areas in these neighborhoods within the 300 and 500 m buffers, as a remarkable number of the green spaces, which are shown on the map, are in an abandoned condition. In addition, the amount of active green space per capita is 3.35 m2, which is well below the 9 m2 predicted by WHO. The area percentages of the neighborhoods are also below the required standards. Therefore, the findings show that Northern Nicosia can benefit by addressing these deficiencies to achieve a higher urban neighborhood green index. Furthermore, the theoretical model is efficient for the assessment of urban spaces at the neighborhood scale and can be used in other cities worldwide, especially in cities with a relatively low density. In sum, this study, which considered not only the quantitative parameters but also the qualitative and perceptual features, has the potential to expand scientific knowledge on measuring and analyzing urban neighborhood green spaces.

Residents’ preferences and use of urban and peri-urban green spaces in a Swiss mountainous region of the Southern Alps

Quantifying emotional differences in urban green spaces extracted from photos on social networking sites: A study of 34 parks in three cities in northern China