Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the mix proportions that can minimize CO2 emissions while satisfying the target performance of porous vegetation concrete. The target performance of porous vegetation concrete was selected as compressive strength (>15 MPa) and void ratio (>25%). This study considered the use of reinforcing fiber and styrene butadiene (SB) latex to improve the strength of porous vegetation concrete, as well as the use of blast furnace slag aggregate to improve the CO2 emissions-reducing effect, and analyzed and evaluated the influence of fiber reinforcing, SB latex, and blast furnace slag aggregate on the compressive strength and CO2 emissions of porous vegetation concrete. The CO2 emissions of the raw materials were highest for cement, followed by aggregate, SB latex, and fiber. Blast furnace slag aggregate showed a 30% or more CO2 emissions-reducing effect versus crushed aggregate, and blast furnace slag cement showed a 78% CO2 emissions-reducing effect versus Portland cement. The CO2 emissions analyses for each raw material showed that the CO2 emissions during transportation were highest for the aggregate. Regarding CO2 emissions in each production stage, the materials stage produced the highest CO2 emissions, while the proportion of CO2 emissions in the transportation stage for each raw material, excluding fiber, were below 3% of total emissions. Use of blast furnace slag aggregate in porous vegetation concrete produced CO2 emissions-reducing effects, but decreased its compressive strength. Use of latex in porous vegetation concrete improved its compressive strength, but also increased CO2 emissions. Thus, it is appropriate to use latex in porous vegetation concrete to improve its strength and void ratio, and to use a blast furnace slag aggregate replacement ratio of 40% or less.
Highlights
As interest in ecosystem restoration has increased, many studies have been conducted on porous vegetation concrete, a concrete in which a certain amount of cement is replaced with industrial by-products, such as blast furnace slag fine powder, and which uses large rather than small aggregates to form concrete voids [1,2,3,4]
CO2 emissions for the included materials were highest for cement, followed by aggregate, styrene butadiene (SB) latex, and fiber
The fiber has a very low CO2 emission compared to other materials
Summary
As interest in ecosystem restoration has increased, many studies have been conducted on porous vegetation concrete, a concrete in which a certain amount of cement is replaced with industrial by-products, such as blast furnace slag fine powder, and which uses large rather than small aggregates to form concrete voids [1,2,3,4]. Such porous vegetation concrete has decreased mechanical performance and durability due to the larger voids [5,6,7,8,9]. The temperature rise is progressing faster than ‘natural’ changes, and is expected to further accelerate [13,15,16]
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