Caracterización de suicidios en relación con el sexo en tres departamentos de Colombia, enero de 2018 - diciembre de 2021

Factores de riesgo del suicidio en el suroccidente colombiano (Valle del Cauca, Cauca y Nariño) antes (2018-2019) y durante la pandemia (2020-2021)

This study examined the ectoparasites in free-living wild bee colonies in Totoró, Cauca Department, and Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Researchers collected 2116 bee specimens: 620 from Cauca (200 Apis mellifera, 320 Partamona peckolti, and 100 Paratrigona eutaeniata) and 1496 from Valle del Cauca (Dagua, Tocota, Buga, Cali, Pradera), including 1498 A. mellifera and 48 Tetragonisca angustula. Using microscopic and stereoscopic techniques and a special taxonomic key, the study identified the first recorded presence of Leptus (Leptus) alberti n. sp. (Acari: Erythraeidae) in colonies of free-living Africanized A. mellifera and stingless bees, including P. peckolti, P. eutaeniata, and T. angustula in Cauca and Valle del Cauca. This finding updates the reported species for South America. The presence of L. (L.) alberti n. sp. was identified in four sample points in the Totoró-Cauca area, with a 75% parasitic prevalence in free-living bee colonies at three of the four localities, specifically in hives located in the wild forest of Totoró. Two Meliponini species were also identified: one in P. peckolti and another in P. eutaeniata. In Cauca, the prevalence was 5% for A. mellifera and 0.3% for Meliponini. In Valle del Cauca, L. alberti n. sp. was observed in five out of 22 localities, resulting in a 23% prevalence in wild A. mellifera. Additionally, a 4.16% prevalence (2/48) of L. alberti n. sp. was found in T. angustula. Six A. mellifera specimens tested positive for L. (L.) alberti n. sp., as did one P. peckolti and one P. eutaeniata specimen. No other external mites were detected in the collected samples.

<p>W artykule opisano obecną sytuację i udział odnawialnych źródeł energii w systemie elektroenergetycznym jednego z departamentów Kolumbii – Valle del Cauca. W ramach badania dokonano interpretacji ram instytucjonalnych dotyczących energii odnawialnej w Kolumbii oraz ogólnej analizy światowego i kolumbijskiego systemu elektroenergetycznego. Kolejna kwestia to udział odnawialnych źródeł energii w wytwarzaniu energii elektrycznej w Valle del Cauca, głównie w zakresie produkcji i infrastruktury energii hydroelektrycznej, bioenergii i energii fotowoltaicznej. W dalszej części autorzy skoncentrowali się na kwestii potencjału elektrycznego energii odnawialnej w omawianym regionie. Ponadto przedstawiono szereg dyskusji na temat tego, jak omawiany departament skorzystał z ram instytucjonalnych dotyczących wykorzystania energii odnawialnej.</p>

This article, a product of research, addresses the sexual violence committed against women in areas of armed conflict in south-western Colombia. It is based on testimonies about the attention given to women victims of the armed conflict by the Central Unit of Valle del Cauca (UCEVA). Objectives: To analyse sexual violence against women victims of the armed conflict in the departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Nariño and Chocó, with a reflection on a phenomenon that has been silenced and made invisible, and which requires recognition and attention Methods: The methodological design is oriented from a socio-critical paradigmatic perspective, with a mixed research approach, and the hermeneutic method is used for the interpretation of texts and narratives, based on the analysis of semi-structured interviews. The testimonies of women who have suffered different types of sexual violence and who are in the process of post-traumatic stress rehabilitation are analysed Results: A total of 62 women were victims of crimes against their sexual integrity, of which 38 suffered rape, 11 unwanted pregnancies, 7 sexual assault and 6 sexual exploitations. Reflections are made on the problem, linking it to Sexual and Reproductive Rights. As conclusions and recommendations, the importance of implementing care and reparation plans for victims is highlighted, through psychosocial and legal guidance programmes, access to justice and guarantees of non-repetition. Conclusions: This study evidences the gravity and extent of sexual violence exercised against women victims of the armed conflict in the departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Nariño and Chocó. The testimonies collected reveal that 62 women were affected by crimes against their sexual integrity, 38 of them victims of rape, 11 of unwanted pregnancies, 7 of sexual aggression and 6 of sexual exploitation. This phenomenon, often silenced and made invisible, requires urgent recognition and the implementation of concrete measures of care and reparation for the victims, with psychosocial and legal programmes that guarantee their access to justice and prevent the repetition of these acts. In addition, the need to link this problem with Sexual and Reproductive Rights is emphasised, in order to comprehensively address the situation of women affected by sexual violence in the context of the armed conflict.

Geographical information systems (GIS) use for development of epidemiological maps in tropical diseases is increasingly frequently utilized. Here, we apply this technique to map the current Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Colombia. Surveillance cases data of the ongoing epidemic of ZIKV in Valle del Cauca department and its capital, Cali (2015-2016), were used to estimate cumulated incidence rates (cases/100,000 population) to develop the first maps in the department and it municipalities. The GIS software used was Kosmo Desktop 3.0RC1®. Three thematic incidence rate maps were developed. Up to April 2, 2016, 9,825 cases of ZIKV were reported (15.15% of the country cases). The burden of ZIKV infection has been concentrated in the North of the department. Valle del Cauca borders with other departments with incidence of ZIKV infection, such as Quindío (173 cases) and Risaralda (687 cases). Eleven municipalities of Valle del Cauca had cases in the range between 250 and 499 cases/100,000, all in the North and East of the department. Cali, the capital concentrates more than a third of the reported cases of ZIKV in Valle del Cauca. Use of GIS-based epidemiological maps allows to guide decision-making for prevention and control of diseases that constitute significant public health problems in the region and the country, such as exemplified by the emergence of ZIKV infection, particularly in departments such as Valle del Cauca with a high disease incidence.

Objective: to determine the relationship between economic growth and cash flows of industrial sector companies in the departments of Antioquia and Valle del Cauca.Methodology: based on the financial statements that the industrial companies of Antioquia and Valle del Cauca reported to the Superintendency of Corporations between 1995 and 2013. The analysis was conducted with 102 companies in Antioquia and 65 in Valle, which made this an ongoing report. The analysis calculated the operating and financing cash flows with which these companies established the statistical relationship between the growth of the regional economy and data, from the same period, from the National Statistics Department of Colombia.Results: the statistical relationship between operating cash flows and growth of the regional economy increased in Antioquia by 0.389 and in Valle del Cauca by 0.879. This result was found to be unsatisfactory to make predictions, but when operating cash flows were added to financing, the statistical relationship increased to 0.740 in Antioquia, and Valle de Cauca to 0.818; more precise data to make cash flow prediction.Conclusions: due to the direct relationship between the cash flows of industrial sector companies in Antioquia and Valle del Cauca and the regional economic growth, it is possible to make predictions of future cash flows for companies in this sector.

Introducción. Esta investigación contextualiza los casos de feminicidio ocurridos en la ciudad de Cali durante el periodo 2015-2016, identifica la etapa procesal, permite conocer la percepción y las acciones intersectoriales ejecutadas en las instituciones encargadas de dar alcance a los objetivos de la Ley 1761/2015. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal descriptivo, aplicando una encuesta individual exhaustiva a funcionarios del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, Fiscalía General de la Nación, Policía Nacional, y Defensoría del Pueblo, que intervienen en el esclarecimiento de este delito. Posteriormente se recolectó información de la totalidad de casos tipificados como feminicidio en el periodo 2015-2016. Resultados y discusión. Entre los resultados más importantes se encontró que las mujeres solteras, en unión libre, y aquellas que en vida no accedieron a formación básica, fueron las más afectadas. Los feminicidios se presentaron principalmente al oriente de la ciudad (Distrito de Aguablanca). La mayoría se generaron a manos de personas que conocían muy de cerca a las víctimas. En aquellos casos donde la muerte de la mujer ocurrió posterior a la valoración médico legal, se logró la judicialización de todos los responsables. Conclusiones. El estudio permitió concluir que se requiere educar y sensibilizar a la población hacia la prevención en violencia de género. Además, a nivel interinstitucional, se debe fortalecer la conceptualización y reforzamiento teórico para el abordaje y sanción del delito.

El objetivo del artículo fue colectar y caracterizar morfo-fisiológicamente el germoplasma de maíz raza Chococito nativo del Pacífico colombiano y conservar el material en un banco de germoplasma para posteriores estudios de mejoramiento. Dicha investigación se llevó a cabo en las parcelas experimentales de la empresa Semillas Valle S. A. ubicada en el municipio el Cerrito, departamento del Valle del Cauca, tuvo una duración de 8 meses, para lo cual se seleccionarán los sitios de colecta (localidad) teniendo en cuenta diferencias climáticas, culturales y económicas de los municipios de Satinga, Timbiqui, López de Micay y Guápi en el departamento del Cauca, El Charco en Nariño, Bahía Solano en Chocó, ríos Dagua, Calima, Mayorquin, San Juan en el Valle del Cauca. Dentro de cada localidad se tomaron 5 muestras, cada muestra constituida por 5 mazorcas representativas de la población de muestra. Cada mazorca constituyó una submuestra/localidadad, a 14% de humedad.

BackgroundMalaria incidence has recently decreased globally and, as malaria elimination is envisioned as a possibility by the health authorities, guidance is needed to strengthen malaria control strategies. Larval source treatment, which could complement routine vector control strategies, requires knowledge regarding the Anopheles larval habitats.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in three of the most malaria-endemic regions in Colombia. A total of 1116 potential larval habitats in 70 villages were sampled in three states located in western Colombia: Cordoba, Valle del Cauca and Nariño.ResultsOverall, 17.5 % (195) of the potential larval habitats were found positive for different Anopheles species. A total of 1683 larvae were identified belonging to seven species: Anophelesalbimanus, Anopheles calderoni, Anophelesdarlingi, Anophelesneomaculipalpus, Anophelesnuneztovaris.l., Anophelespseudopunctipennis, and Anophelestriannulatus. The most widely distributed species was An. nuneztovari s.l., which was found mainly in human-made fishponds in Cordoba and temporary puddles in Valle del Cauca. Anophelesalbimanus and An. calderoni were associated with human-made wells or excavation sites in Nariño. Cordoba displayed the greatest Anopheles species diversity with a total of six species (Shannon diversity index H′: 1.063). Although Valle del Cauca had four species, one more than Nariño, the diversity was lower because only one species predominated, An. nuneztovari s.l. The larval habitats with the highest Shannon diversity index were lagoons (H′: 1.079) and fishponds (H′: 1.009) in Cordoba, excavation sites in Nariño (H′: 0.620) and puddles in Valle del Cauca (H′: 0.764).ConclusionsThis study provides important information regarding the larval habitats of the main malaria vectors in the most malaria-endemic regions of Colombia, which will be useful in guiding larval control operations.

En Colombia, la gallina Criolla es socialmente importante por su aporte nutricional, fácil reproducción, adaptabilidad y rusticidad. Por lo tanto, ha sido necesario conocer cómo es su diversidad, relaciones y estructura genética. El objetivo de este estudio fue ccontribuir al conocimiento de la biodiversidad del país y al desarrollo agropecuario sostenible, mediante el estudio de la diversidad genética de aves criollas. Se analizaron 224 muestras de ADN de gallina Criolla colombiana provenientes de los departamentos del Cauca, Caldas, Chocó, Nariño y Valle del Cauca, y 20 de líneas comerciales, mediante 17 marcadores microsatélites, realizándoles extracción de ADN por el método de Salting Out y posteriormente amplificando por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). El análisis estadístico para evaluar la diversidad genética se realizó a través de los programas ARLEQUIN v. 3.5, GENALEX v. 6.5, Microsatellite Toolkit y FSTAT. La estructura de las poblaciones se determinó por el programa STRUCTURE v. 2.3.4. Se encontraron 79 alelos para las poblaciones. El número promedio de alelos para la gallina Criolla fue de 4,65±1,66. La heterocigosidad esperada fue mayor que la observada y varió de 0,59 en Chocó a 0,62 en el Valle del Cauca. El FIS fue de 0,40 (p

<p>In this paper two new species of Gesneriaceae (genus Columnea) are described and illustrated. Columnea chocoensis is distributed in the Colombian departments of Chocó and Valle del Cauca, while its variety, C. chocoensis var. altaquerensis is restricted to the Department of Nariño, Colombia. Columnea stilesiana was found in La Serranía de Los Paraguas located in the Cordillera Occidental between the Chocó and Valle del Cauca Departments in Colombia. Further, Columnea archidonae is here considered a variety of C. ericae; Columnea ericae var. archidonae is distributed in Colombia and Ecuador, in forests at elevations higher than those in which the typical variety is found.</p>

The use of neuromuscular non-depolarizing blockers and their reversal agents by anesthesiologists Valle del Cauca, Colombia

Hospital padrino: a collaborative strategy model to tackle maternal mortality: a mixed methods study in a middle-income region

The medicinal Lippiaalba and Petiveria alliacea, originating from Central and South America, exhibit a wide range of beneficial properties, including antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, analgesic, and antibacterial effects. However, little is known about their population structure and genetic diversity, which may hinder the establishment of their cultivation in different regions of Colombia. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of 17 samples of L. alba from the departments of Tolima, Valle del Cauca, and Putumayo, as well as 31 samples of P. alliacea from the departments of Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Tolima, and Valle del Cauca. We employed restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) with the enzyme PstI. We performed denovo_map and ref_map pipeline for L. alba and identified a total of 17,036 loci and 14,562 SNPs, respectively, revealing a genetic variation of 5.19% (FST of 0.05; p < 0.001) among its populations and two delimited genetic groups. For P. alliacea, in denovo_map our analysis discovered 6395 SNPs, indicating substantial genetic variation of 75% among the studied populations (FST = 0.75; p < 0.001), resulting in the delineation of four genetic groups. Our findings will contribute to providing valuable molecular data on the populations of these medicinal plants and provide evidence of the genetic flow existing among L. alba populations, while P. alliacea populations are more structured. We also performed a FDIST analysis; for L. alba using the results with reference, we identified 37 SNPs coding for proteins in biological, molecular, and cellular processes; and finally, we highlighted the gene SASPL_104284 involved in metabolic processes.

Dengue is the fastest spreading disease in the world and a permanent threat to global public health. It is a viral illness for which approximately 2.5 million people are at high risk of infection. Given the severity of the disease at national and global levels, new predictive methodologies need to be generated to facilitate decision-making in public health. To characterize cases of dengue reported from 2009 to 2013 in Valle del Cauca department, Colombia, and to establish a methodology to develop endemic channels that can be applied to this event. This was a retrospective descriptive study. Notification forms were used as a secondary database to characterize dengue cases from 2009 to 2013. Two endemic channels were developed, one using running means and the other through exponential smoothing. Dengue in the department of Valle del Cauca showed a positive tendency, indicating that the number of cases had increased in the last five years. An important variation was observed that could be explained by a three-year cycle beginning in the first epidemiological period of the year. The development of the dengue endemic channel for Valle del Cauca illustrates the importance of applying these monitoring methodologies to events of public health interest. As can be seen from the results, there were some years in which the number of cases was very low and others in which the epidemic reached very high levels.