Abstract
Microbial interactions play an important role in natural habitat. The long-term coevolution of various species leads to the adaptation of certain types of microorganisms as well as to the formation of a wide variety of interactions such as competitive, antagonistic, pathogenic and parasitic relationships. The aim of this work is a comprehensive study of a new ultramicrobacterium Microbacterium lacticum str. F2E, isolated from perennial oil sludge, which is characterized by high antimicrobial activity and a unique ultrastructural organization of the cell envelope, which includes globular surface ultrastructures with a high negative charge. A previously undescribed mechanism for the antagonistic action of the F2E strain against the prey bacterium is proposed. This mechanism is based on the ability to preferentially capture essential microelements, in which charge interactions and the property of phosphate accumulation may play a significant role. The revealed type of intermicrobial interaction can probably be attributed to the non-contact type antagonistic action in the absence of any diffuse factor secreted by the antagonistic bacteria.
Highlights
A comprehensive study of various aspects of intermicrobial antagonistic interactions in natural habitats and the fundamental principles underlying them is an actual task which provides new insights into the principles of microbial ecosystems functioning
The cell volumes calculated on the basis of their linear dimensions according to the formulas for the volumes of rod-shaped and spherical cells are 0.080 ± 0.007 μm3, which makes it possible to classify this bacterium as ultramicrobacterium, since their cell volumes are significantly less than 0.1 μm3 under conditions growth on media of different composition and concentration [16]
F2E isolated from perennial oil sludge, exhibiting antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, a new mechanism of intermicrobial antagonistic interaction based on fierce competition for essential micro- and macroelements is proposed
Summary
A comprehensive study of various aspects of intermicrobial antagonistic interactions in natural habitats and the fundamental principles underlying them is an actual task which provides new insights into the principles of microbial ecosystems functioning. The results obtained can be used in plant protection measures, as well as in medicine and veterinary to develop approaches using new biologically active compounds or their complexes for the treatment of dangerous infectious diseases [1]. Research in this direction is especially relevant in connection with the emerging problem of a large-scale increase in the resistance of human bacterial pathogens to known antibiotics. The data obtained can be used for the effective destruction of biofilms of pathogenic forms of bacteria in humans and animals, which are not available in this form for exposure to antibiotics In such cases some new isolates of predatory forms of bacteria can be utilized as “live antibiotics” [1]. There is a wide variety of types of microbial interactions, both with higher organisms and at the interspecies microbial level, which contain a lot of mechanisms (including molecular ones), many of which are described and systematized [2,3]
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