Abstract
With growing urban populations, higher mobility needs, limited available space for transport infrastructure, and the increasing need for more attractive urban areas, these urban areas are faced with a complex dilemma, which gets more challenging by the day. This paper examines the role of flexibility in the relationship between structural spatial development and passenger transport, its economic, environmental, and social perspectives, the long-term impacts of this relationship and the role of this relationship in developing countries. The paper identifies the need for a better understanding of long-term flexibility in development options in order to make better future-proof decisions as a key research avenue, and sets a pathway to achieve this. Main research gaps as identified in the paper include the lack of understanding on the potential for flexibility in optimizing the structural spatial development and passenger transport relationship, the valuation of flexibility, and the application of flexibility approaches in developing countries. This paper emphasizes the importance of acting sooner rather than later, since the future costs of sub-optimal development are rising by the day and the bill is being pushed towards future generations.
Highlights
More than half of the world’s population lives in cities and the urban population is expected to grow by 2.5 billion people in 2050 [1]
The focus is on passenger transport, since it helps to indicates the challenges caused by the growing urban population
Many cities in developing countries have a relatively low ratio of urban land allocated to streets compared to cities in developed countries, which leads to congestion and gridlocks [6]
Summary
More than half of the world’s population lives in cities and the urban population is expected to grow by 2.5 billion people in 2050 [1]. Both existing and new metropolitan areas need to cope with this increasing number of inhabitants. SustainTabhielityo2b0je20c,t1iv2,e60o9f1the paper is to explore and analyze knowledge gaps on the place of flexi3boilfit2y5 in the structural spatial development and passenger transport relationship in metropolitan areas in deveTlohpeinogbjceocutinvterioefs.the paper is to explore and analyze knowledge gaps on the place of flexibility in theInsttrhuicstupraaplesrp, aSteiacltidoenv2elwopilml denestcarnibdeptahsesemnegtehrotdraonlosgpyorotfrethlaetiloitnesrhaitpurien rmeveiterwop,oSleitcatnioanre3aws iinll ddeisvceulossptinhge rceovuinewtrieeds.literature, and Section 4 will conclude this paper with the identified avenues for furthIenr trheisseapracphe.
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