Abstract
BackgroundIt has been shown that bcl2, bcl-XL and mcl-1 protein levels are high in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, and resultantly, apoptosis does not occur chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Apelin and apela (ELABELA/ELA/Toddler) are two peptide ligands for a class A G-protein coupled receptor called apelin receptor. Studies have shown that ELA inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting apoptotic proteins and activating anti-apoptotic proteins. Proteins and genes involved in apoptosis are valuable for targeted cancer therapy. We hypothesized that serum levels may be increased in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on the antiapoptotic effect of ELA. We compared serum ELABELA levels of healthy volunteers and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We aimed to draw attention to a new molecule worthy of research in targeted cancer treatment.MethodsForty two untreated CLL patients and 41 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum ELA levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Dhanghai Sunred Biological Technology co. Ltd), automated ELISA reader (Thermo Scientific, FİNLAND) and computer program (Scanlt for Multiscan F.C.2.5.1) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Statistical analysis was done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 20 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) ve MedCalc programs. ELA and variables related to CLL were correlated with Spearman correlation anlysis test. ROC analysis and Youden index method were used to determine a cut off point for ELA. All p-values were 2-sided with statistical significance at 0.05 alpha levels.ResultsIn our study, we found that serum ELA levels were significantly higher in patients with CLL.ConclusionsThis study highlights that ELA targeting may be a potential therapeutic option for treating CLL.
Highlights
It has been shown that bcl2, bcl-XL and mcl-1 protein levels are high in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, and resultantly, apoptosis does not occur chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Studies have suggested that bcl 2, bcl-XL and mcl-1 protein levels are high in Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells, and apoptosis does not occur in CLL cells [3, 4]
We aimed to investigate the relationship between ELA and CLL because the apelinergic system blocks the caspase system that induces apoptosis and validate the anti-apoptotoic effects of ELA that have been demonstrated in previous studies
Summary
It has been shown that bcl, bcl-XL and mcl-1 protein levels are high in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, and resultantly, apoptosis does not occur chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most frequent type of leukaemia in adults worldwide [1]. It is a malignancy characterised by accumulation of small, neoplastic CD5+ B cells with a mature appearance in blood, bone marrow and secondary lymphoid tissues, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly [2]. Studies have suggested that bcl 2, bcl-XL and mcl-1 protein levels are high in CLL cells, and apoptosis does not occur in CLL cells [3, 4]. Loss of function of TP53 is considered to be an important event in tumour formation and is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis in many cancers [5]
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