Abstract
The present study addresses the calibration of four types of partial discharge (PD) emulators used in the development of a PD Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Three PD emulators have been constructed: a floating-electrode emulator, and two internal PD emulators. Both DC and AC high-voltage power supplies are used to initiate PD, which is measured using concurrent free-space radiometry (FSR) and a galvanic contact method based on the IEC 60270 standard. The emulators have been measured and simulated, and a good agreement has been found for the radiated fields. A new method of estimating the absolute PD activity level from radiometric measurements is proposed.
Highlights
ELECTRICITY supply organizations around the world are facing growing energy demand and an ageing transmission and distribution infrastructure
The present study addresses the calibration of four types of partial discharge (PD) emulators used in the development of a PD Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
It is important to be noted that the bandwidth limitation is more due to the reactive characteristics of the PD source and the connecting cables than due to the frequency response of the free-space radiometry (FSR) receiving antenna [1, 22]
Summary
ELECTRICITY supply organizations around the world are facing growing energy demand and an ageing transmission and distribution infrastructure. Traditional electrical PD measurements can be divided into galvanic contact and near-field coupling methods The former is mostly used in an off-load test environment (often for acceptance testing of equipment), while the latter are mostly used in an on-load (operational) environment. The apparent charge, which is a measure of PD absolute intensity, can indicate the degree to which a PD process has advanced This in turn may allow an early incipient insulation fault that does not require immediate attention to be distinguished from late-stage severe PD indicative of imminent plant failure. The application of FSR methods to measure the absolute PD intensity (i.e., apparent charge) has been considered to be difficult, if not impossible This is because the received signal amplitude depends on several factors, which are unknown to a greater or lesser extent [12].
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