Abstract
Studies indicate that short-lived radionuclides (SLRs), including <sup>53</sup>Mn, were incorporated into Calcium-Aluminum Rich inclusions (CAIs) in ancient undisturbed primitive meteorites at the time the solar system was forming. In this study, the potential incorporation of <sup>53</sup>Mn into CAIs in accordance with the Solar Wind Implantation Model (SWIM) is investigated. In the SWIM model, radiogenic nuclei are made through solar energetic particle (SEP) nuclear reactions with target material in the proto-stellar atmospheres of proto-stars are whilst the proto-stars are in the accretion phase. The newly produced daughter nuclei are subsequently trapped in the magnetic field lines associated with the proto-stars. The radiogenic nuclei are then funneled into the X-region, and some fraction of these nascent nuclei are implanted into refractory matter which accretes towards the proto-star. Production rates daughter nuclei scale with ancient X-ray luminosities, which have been measured to be 100,000 times contemporary levels in T Tauri stars, yielding daughter nuclei produced at ~10<sup>5</sup> over contemporary levels. From the ancient enhanced SEP fluxes and refractory mass inflow rate found in the SWIM, we found the initial <sup>53</sup>Mn/<sup>55</sup>Mn isotopic ratio ranged from 4 x 10<sup>-5 </sup>to 6 x 10<sup>-4</sup>, when taking into account spectral flare variability.
Published Version
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