Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a potentially hazardous pollutant in the environment based upon observations of increasing emissions from production and waste-disposal operations, long-term persistence in the environment, and rapid uptake and accumulation of injurious concentrations by plants and animals. Chronic human exposure to low concentrations of cadmium in the atmosphere, water, or food may cause serious illness and possibly death. Production and consumption of cadmium is continuing to expand throughout the industrialized world. As a result, there is a critical need for understanding sources of emissions and their direct or indirect interactions with soil, water, plants, and animals so that criteria may be developed for assessing hazards.
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