C8- and C9-Alkylphenols and Ethoxylates: II. Assessment of Environmental Persistence and Bioaccumulation Potential

Abstract

ABSTRACT C8- and C9-alkylphenols and their ethoxylates (APE) are widely used commercial products mainly used in industrial applications, in the formulation of crop protection chemicals, and in industrial and household cleaners. Recent regulatory focus on these compounds has included an assessment of their potential to meet criteria for persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic compounds (PBT). To fully evaluate either the relative persistence or bioaccumulation potential of any APE, degradation intermediates and metabolic by-products of these compounds should also be considered. To facilitate the evaluation of the ultimate fate of APE in the environment, a review of the degradation pathways and identification of degradation intermediates was performed (part I of a two-part series). In part II of this series, the relative persistence of APE as indicated by degradation half-lives was examined based on a review of abiotic and biological degradation data. To assess the bioaccumulation potential of APE, the relevant literature was also reviewed. The available data for C8- and C9-APE show that the commercial products and their degradation intermediates do not meet any national or international criteria for identifying these compounds as PBT substances.