By Whose Authority? What Gives Ethics Their Power?

Abstract

Having considered the interplay of secular reasoning with theological reasoning and arguments, this chapter considers the various forms of ethical authority that influence both secular and theological ethics. It is arguable that it is sources of authority and approaches to them that cause the greatest divergence between theological and philosophical ethics. The sources considered include personal autonomy as informed by personal and social experience, the nature of conscience, intuition, care and relationships. The role of law as ethical authority is explored as applicable to both secular and religious paradigms, also recognising the varying attitudes to law and written authority within different theological traditions. The relationship between secular or state law and religious laws particular to specific communities will also be examined. Finally, the impact of communal authority, both through religious and community leaders and through communal decision-making processes and fora will be considered. This chapter will also introduce ethical issues in relation to power, gender and minorities which are all affected by attitudes towards authority and different sources of authority. There will also be some analysis of how far these issues are acknowledged or addressed within different ethical paradigms and worldviews.