Burden, Trends and Projection of Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer in Central, Eastern and Western Europe: From the Global Burden of Disease 2023 Study.

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the temporal Trends in the burden of lip and oral cavity cancer in China from 1990 to 2021, stratified by age and sex. Key indicators—including prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)—are analyzed and compared with corresponding global metrics.MethodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database spanning 1990 to 2021, we conducted a systematic analysis of trends in the burden of lip and oral cavity cancer in China and worldwide. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was estimated using Joinpoint regression analysis to quantify the magnitude of temporal trends. Differences in cancer burden across age groups and sexes were evaluated, and the ARIMA model was employed to project future trends. Finally, we conducted a decomposition analysis to determine the percentage contribution of factors affecting the burden of lip and oral cancer.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of lip and oral cavity cancer in China increased from 1.704 to 2.681 per 100,000 population, while the global ASIR rose from 4.270 to 4.880 per 100,000. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) in China increased from 4.168 to 10.158 per 100,000, compared to a rise from 13.888 to 17.706 per 100,000 globally. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) in China declined from 1.224 to 1.152 per 100,000, while the global ASMR decreased slightly from 2.454 to 2.424 per 100,000. The age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) in China fell from 32.086 to 29.205 per 100,000, whereas the global ASDR decreased from 69.266 to 67.714 per 100,000. Between 1990 and 2021, the average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in China were 1.487% for ASIR, 2.899% for ASPR, − 0.187% for ASMR, and − 0.319% for ASDR. In comparison, the corresponding global AAPCs were 0.443%, 0.796%, − 0.029%, and − 0.072%, respectively. Age and sex had a significant impact on the burden of lip and oral cavity cancer, with males consistently exhibiting higher incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs than females. Projections for the next 15 years indicate that the ASIR and ASMR in China will likely stabilize, while the ASPR and ASDR are expected to continue increasing. Globally, the ASMR and ASDR are projected to remain stable, whereas the ASIR and ASPR are anticipated to rise. The decomposition analyses revealed that both population aging and population increase factors exacerbated the burden of lip and oral cancer, whereas epidemiologic changes promoted the number of lip and oral cavity cancer cases but suppressed the increase in the number of deaths and DALYs.ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2021, the incidence and prevalence rates of lip and oral cavity cancer increased in both China and globally, while mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) experienced a slight decline. The burden of the disease was strongly associated with sex and age, with males exhibiting significantly higher incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates than females, and older adults demonstrating substantially higher rates compared to younger age groups. Over the next 15 years, the prevalence and DALY burden in China are projected to increase, while global incidence and prevalence are also expected to rise. Given China’s rapidly aging population, these findings highlight growing public health challenges that call for sustained, coordinated efforts to mitigate the future burden.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-025-06839-w.

Global Burden of Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Attributable to Alcohol Use in 204 Countries and Regions.

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) represents a significant health challenge in Europe due to its elevated prevalence and heterogeneity. Despite notable progress in diagnostic and treatment methods, the region continues to grapple with rising BC burdens, with comprehensive investigations into this matter notably lacking. This study explores BC burden and potential contributing risk factors in 44 European countries from 1990 to 2019. The aim is to furnish evidence supporting the development of strategies for managing BC effectively.MethodsDisease burden estimates related to breast cancer from the Global Burden of Disease 2019(GBD2019) across Eastern, Central, and Western Europe were examined using Joinpoint regression for trends from 1990 to 2019. Linear regression models examined relationships between BC burden and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), healthcare access and quality (HAQ), and BC prevalence. We utilized disability-adjusted life year(DALY) proportions for each risk factor to depict BC risks.ResultsIn Europe, the BC burden was 463.2 cases per 100,000 people in 2019, 1.7 times the global burden. BC burden in women was significantly higher and increased with age. Age-standardized mortality and DALY rates of BC in Europe in 2019 decreased by 23.1%(average annual percent change: AAPC -0.92) and 25.9%(AAPC -1.02), respectively, compared to 1990, in line with global trends. From 1990 to 2019, age-standardized DALY declined faster in Western Europe (-34.8%, AAPC -1.49) than in Eastern Europe (-9.4%, AAPC -0.25) and Central Europe (-15.0%, AAPC -0.56). Monaco, Serbia, and Montenegro had the highest BC burden in Europe in 2019. BC burden was negatively correlated with HAQ. In addition, Alcohol use and Tobacco were significant risk factors for DALY. High fasting plasma glucose and obesity were also crucial risk factors that cannot be ignored in DALY.ConclusionThe burden of BC in Europe remains a significant health challenge, with regional variations despite an overall downward trend. Addressing the burden of BC in different regions of Europe and the increase of DALY caused by different risk factors, targeted prevention measures should be taken, especially the management of alcohol and tobacco should be strengthened, and screening services for BC should be popularized, and medical resources and technology allocation should be optimized.

Global Disease Burden From Acute Glomerulonephritis 1990–2019

Aim To analyze the worldwide epidemiology of lip and oral cavity cancer attributable to smoking. Methods The worldwide epidemiology of lip and oral cavity cancer attributable to smoking and its spatial distribution differences were analyzed using the age-standardized mortality rate, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate, and estimated annual percent change (EAPC) according to information from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Results The number of deaths and DALYs associated with lip and oral cavity cancer attributable to smoking globally showed upward trends from 1990 to 2019, but the age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates decreased. The age-standardized mortality rate gradually increased with age. The age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates were markedly higher in low-middle social development index (SDI) regions than in other regions. The age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates showed slight increasing trends (EAPC = 0.16 and 0.07, respectively) in middle-SDI regions and the greatest decrease (EAPC = –1.60 and –1.74, respectively) in high-SDI regions. The three regions with the highest age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates were South Asia (1.59; 39.68), Eastern Europe (1.33; 40.59), and Central Europe (1.30; 37.67), but the largest increases were observed in East Asia (EAPC = 2.32, EAPC = 2.30), the Northern Mariana Islands (EAPC = 3.79, EAPC = 3.67), and Cabo Verde (EAPC = 2.84; DALY, EAPC = 3.38). Conclusion The overall disease burden attributable to smoking is decreasing, but the number of deaths and DALYs are still increasing. Moreover, there are regional and national differences, and high-risk regions and countries should implement targeted interventions to reduce the burden.

The Inequitable Global Burden of Lip and Oral Cancers: Widening Disparities Across Countries

Background and aimOsteoarthritis ranks as one of the leading causes of disability, predominantly affecting adults aged 70 years and older. This study aimed to report trends in the burden of osteoarthritis from 1990 to 2021 based on the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2021 across Central, Eastern, and Western Europe.MethodsThis study is a systematic analysis of secondary database estimates from the GBD 2021 study for osteoarthritis in Central, Eastern, and Western Europe, as well as the 44 countries. The age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, and years of life lost due to disability were evaluated by age, gender, and high body mass index (BMI).ResultsIn 2021, there were 101.2 million (95% uncertainty interval {UI}, 90.4-112.6 million) prevalent cases of osteoarthritis, a 48.3% increase from 1990. Subregional estimates showed that the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) cases in Western Europe were more than twice the number in Eastern Europe and more than four times the number in Central Europe, and had higher disability rates in young adults than their two other counterparts. Osteoarthritis accounted for approximately 6.7 million (95% UI 4.1-5.2 million) incidents, and there were 3.6 million YLDs (95% UI, 1.7-7.3) in Europe across all age groups. There was a positive association between the rising BMI in individuals under 50 years of age and the age-standardized rates of YLDs.ConclusionBetween 1990 and 2021, the prevalence of osteoarthritis across Europe has consistently increased across all age groups, exerting considerable pressure on the workforce as it increasingly affects individuals under 50 years of age. To help reduce this impact, the World Health Organization advocates recognizing high BMI as an independent disease, an approach that would directly address a key contributor to the heightened disability and health complications linked to osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 80% of all stroke cases and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among adults. At the beginning of the 21st century, the age-standardized incidence of stroke in Europe ranged from 95 to 290 cases per 100,000 population. Objective: Our aim was to examine trends in the incidence of ischemic stroke in Europe between 1991 and 2021, by country group, gender, and age group. Method: In our retrospective, quantitative study, we analyzed data from 44 countries in three European country groups (Eastern, Central, and Western Europe) per 100 000 people based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. Descriptive statistics, time series analysis and Kruskal–Wallis test were performed. Results: Between 1991 and 2021, the age-standardized incidence per 100 000 population in men decreased from 206.7 to 147.1 (−28.8%) in Eastern Europe, from 172.1 to 123.8 (−28.1%) in Central Europe, and from 120.7 to 62.3 (−48.4%) (p<0.05) in Western Europe. In women, during the same period, it decreased from 169.8 to 113.9 (−32.9%) in Eastern Europe, from 142.4 to 106.0 (−25.6%) in Central Europe, and from 89.5 to 47.2 (−47.3%) in Western Europe (p<0.05). Significant differences were found between Eastern and Western European countries and between Central and Western European countries for both sexes (1991, 2001, 2011, 2021: p<0.05). The incidence was higher in men than in women every year, especially in the age groups over 55. The largest decrease for both sexes was observed in the 65–69 age group. Based on the analysis by country, the largest decrease was in Portugal (men: –71.1%; women: –69.9%), while in Montenegro, increases of +4.1% for men and +6.3% for women were observed. Conclusion: During the study period, the incidence of ischemic stroke decreased in all three country groups, but the improvement was greater in the Western European country group, which had lower (more favorable) baseline values, than in Central or Eastern Europe. Nevertheless, in 2021, the incidence in Eastern and Central Europe still exceeded the level measured in Western European countries in 1991. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(42): 1642–1652.

BackgroundInjury remains a major concern to public health in the European region. Previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study showed wide variation in injury death and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rates across Europe, indicating injury inequality gaps between sub-regions and countries. The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare GBD 2019 estimates on injury mortality and DALYs across European sub-regions and countries by cause-of-injury category and sex; 2) examine changes in injury DALY rates over a 20 year-period by cause-of-injury category, sub-region and country; and 3) assess inequalities in injury mortality and DALY rates across the countries. MethodsWe performed a secondary database descriptive study using the GBD 2019 results on injuries in 44 European countries from 2000 to 2019. Inequality in DALY rates between these countries was assessed by calculating the DALY rate ratio between the highest-ranking country and lowest-ranking country in each year.ResultsIn 2019, in Eastern Europe 80 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 71 to 89] people per 100,000 died from injuries; twice as high compared to Central Europe (38 injury deaths per 100,000; 95% UI 34 to 42) and three times as high compared to Western Europe (27 injury deaths per 100,000; 95%UI 25 to 28). The injury DALY rates showed less pronounced differences between Eastern (5129 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 4547 to 5864), Central (2940 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 2452 to 3546) and Western Europe (1782 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 1523 to 2115). Injury DALY rate was lowest in Italy (1489 DALYs per 100,000) and highest in Ukraine (5553 DALYs per 100,000). The difference in injury DALY rates by country was larger for males compared to females. The DALY rate ratio was highest in 2005, with DALY rate in the lowest-ranking country (Russian Federation) 6.0 times higher compared to the highest-ranking country (Malta). After 2005, the DALY rate ratio between the lowest- and the highest-ranking country gradually decreased to 3.7 in 2019. ConclusionsInjury mortality and DALY rates were highest in Eastern Europe and lowest in Western Europe, although differences in injury DALY rates declined rapidly, particularly in the past decade. The injury DALY rate ratio of highest- and lowest-ranking country declined from 2005 onwards, indicating declining inequalities in injuries between European countries.

The prediction of future trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and their risk factors can assist policy-makers in healthcare planning. This study aims to project geospatial trends in CVDs and their underlying risk factors from 2025 to 2050. Using historical data on mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, encompassing the period of 1990 to 2019, Poisson regression was performed to model mortality and DALYs associated with CVD and its associated risk factors from 2025 to 2050. Subgroup analysis was based on GBD super-regions. Between 2025 and 2050, a 90.0% increase in cardiovascular prevalence, 73.4% increase in crude mortality, and 54.7% increase in crude DALYs are projected, with an expected 35.6 million cardiovascular deaths in 2050 (from 20.5 million in 2025). However, age-standardized cardiovascular prevalence will be relatively constant (-3.6%), with decreasing age-standardized mortality (-30.5%) and age-standardized DALYs (-29.6%). In 2050, ischaemic heart disease will remain the leading cause of cardiovascular deaths (20 million deaths) while high systolic blood pressure will be the main cardiovascular risk factor driving mortality (18.9 million deaths). Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia super-region is set to incur the highest age-standardized cardiovascular mortality rate in 2050 (305 deaths per 100 000 population). In the coming decades, the relatively constant age-standardized prevalence of global CVD suggests that the net effect of summative preventative efforts will likely continue to be unchanged. The fall in age-standardized cardiovascular mortality reflects the improvement in medical care following diagnosis. However, future healthcare systems can expect a rapid rise in crude cardiovascular mortality, driven by the ageing global populace. The continued rise in CVD burden will largely be attributed to atherosclerotic diseases. Not applicable.

e18138 Background: Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers (LOPC) are significant contributors to the global cancer burden, with notable disparities across regions. Despite advancements in prevention and treatment, global trends indicate a slight overall increase in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR). In order to address the increasing incidence of these malignancies in susceptible areas and close the healthcare gap causing these disparities, our study highlights the critical need for targeted, region-specific strategies. Methods: The GBD 2021 study's data was analyzed for 204 countries and territories. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were the metrics used. Average annual percent changes (AAPC) values were calculated using linear regression to assess temporal trends. Results: With a global annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.42(95%CI: 1.25 to -0.42), the global age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for lip, oral, and pharyngeal malignancies shows a small increase overall. Cabo Verde (AAPC 8.52), Northern Mariana Islands (AAPC 4.37), and American Samoa (AAPC = 4.15) are the countries with the steepest increase. Nonetheless, Ghana (AAPC = -4.08), Afghanistan (AAPC = -2.84), and France (AAPC = -1.76) are among the countries with a declining pattern. With an AAPC of 0.16 and 0.14, the global DALY and YLL rates showed an increasing trend. The countries with the largest rises were Cabo Verde (DALY: 8.814, YLL: 8.805), American Samoa (DALY: 3.863, YLL: 3.860), while Ghana (DALY-4.263, YLL: -4.268), Afghanistan (DALY: -2.354, YLL: -2.3543) and France (DALY -2.284, YLL: -2.284) recorded the greatest decline. With an AAPC of 1.43, the global YLDs showed an increasing trend; the countries with the greatest increases were Cabo Verde (9.39), the Republic of Korea (4.91), Romania (4.16), and Albania (4.11), while Ghana (AAPC -3.84) and Afghanistan(AAPC -2.36) demonstrated improvement. Conclusions: Despite a minor increase in the worldwide burden of LOPC, regional differences highlight the necessity of focused treatments in high-burden nations. Regional discrepancies are particularly noticeable in African countries; for example, ASMR rates in Ghana and Cabo Verde vary significantly, presumably due to disparities in healthcare access and resource allocation. To lessen the increasing burden in areas that are already at risk, comprehensive policies that address modifiable risk factors, early diagnosis, and equitable access to healthcare are essential. ASMRs, DALYs, YLLs and YLDs for global burden of lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers (LOPC) between 1990 and 2021. Outcome Global AAPC(95% CI) P-value ASMRs 0.42(1.25to -0.40) 0.31 YLLs 0.14(0.88 to -0.59) 0.70 DALYs 0.16(0.91 to -0.57) 0.65 YLDs 1.43(2.59 to 0.29) 0.015

ABSTRACTAimTo (i) assess the prevalence, incidence, and burden of lip and oral cavity cancer, untreated caries, and “other oral conditions” (a group that includes temporomandibular disorders, malocclusion, and dental trauma, among others) in 2021; and (ii) forecast their estimates in 2050. Aggregate estimates for overall oral conditions (comprising caries, periodontitis, and edentulism, but excluding cancer) were also evaluated.MethodsPrevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), Years of Life Lost (YLLs), Disability‐Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and deaths were reported for lip and oral cavity cancer. Untreated caries and “other oral conditions” were described as prevalence and YLDs, with incidence included only for caries. Aggregate estimates for overall oral conditions encompassed prevalence, incidence, and YLDs. Data were gathered globally, covering 204 countries, seven super‐regions, and 21 regions from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2021, with projections up to 2050 using mixed‐effects models.ResultsIn 2021, over 1.54 million (95% UI 1.44; 1.63) people worldwide were affected by lip and oral cavity cancer, with a global age‐standardized prevalence of 0.02%. The burden included 1.28 YLDs per 100 000 (0.97; 1.59), 65.86 YLLs per 100 000 (59.53; 71.00), 67.71 DALYs per 100 000 (61.32; 73.17), and 2.42 deaths per 100 000 (2.21; 2.60). By 2050, prevalence and incidence are projected to increase by +68.7% and + 82.6%, respectively. By that time, lip and oral cavity cancer is expected to rank 119th in terms of YLDs. In 2021, 7.55% (6.29–8.78) of children had untreated caries in deciduous teeth, 27.54% (23.98–32.02) of the adult population had caries in permanent teeth, and 1.86% (1.78–1.93) were affected by “other oral conditions”, with 45.91% (42.26–49.78) of the global population experiencing at least one oral condition. By 2050, the prevalence of deciduous caries is projected to decrease by −15.80%, while permanent caries is predicted to rise by +23.77%, and “other oral conditions” will increase by +22.28%. Overall oral conditions (including periodontitis and edentulism, but excluding cancer) are projected to affect 46.17% (42.52–49.95) of the global population in 2050, ranking as the 10th leading cause of YLDs, surpassing conditions such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease.ConclusionLip and oral cavity cancer, along with oral conditions aggregated (caries, periodontitis, edentulism, “other oral conditions”), continued to pose significant public health challenges in 2021, with the number of affected individuals expected to increase substantially in the coming decades, largely driven by rising estimates of edentulism and severe periodontitis.

With population aging rampant globally, Europe faces unique challenges and achievements in chronic disease prevention. Despite this, comprehensive studies examining the diabetes burden remain absent. We investigated the burden of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, alongside high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG), in Europe from 1990-2019, to provide evidence for global diabetes strategies. Disease burden estimates due to type 1 and type 2 diabetes and HFPG were extracted from the GBD 2019 across Eastern, Central, and Western Europe. We analyzed trends from 1990 to 2019 by Joinpoint regression, examined correlations between diabetes burden and Socio-demographic indices (SDI), healthcare access quality (HAQ), and prevalence using linear regression models. The Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) was used to described diabetes risks. In Europe, diabetes accounted for 596 age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 people in 2019, lower than globally. The disease burden from type 1 and type 2 diabetes was markedly higher in males and escalated with increasing age. Most DALYs were due to type 2 diabetes, showing regional inconsistency, highest in Central Europe. From 1990-2019, age-standardized DALYs attributable to type 2 diabetes rose faster in Eastern and Central Europe, slower in Western Europe. HFPG led to 2794 crude DALYs per 100,000 people in 2019. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes burdens correlated positively with diabetes prevalence and negatively with SDI and HAQ. High BMI (PAF 60.1%) and dietary risks (PAF 34.6%) were significant risk factors. Europe's diabetes burden was lower than the global average, but substantial from type 2 diabetes, reflecting regional heterogeneity. Altered DALYs composition suggested increased YLDs. Addressing the heavy burden of high fasting plasma glucose and the increasing burden of both types diabetes necessitate region-specific interventions to reduce type 2 diabetes risk, improve healthcare systems, and offer cost-effective care.

In the last decade, substantial differences in the epidemiology of, antiretroviral therapy (ART) for, cascade of care in and support to people with HIV in vulnerable populations have been observed between countries in Western Europe, Central Europe (CE) and Eastern Europe (EE). The aim of this study was to use a survey to explore whether ART availability and therapies have evolved in CE and EE according to European guidelines. The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group conducted two identical multicentre cross-sectional online surveys in 2019 and 2021 concerning the availability and use of antiretroviral drugs (boosted protease inhibitors [bPIs], integrase inhibitors [INSTIs] and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs]), the introduction of a rapid ART start strategy and the use of two-drug regimens (2DRs) for starting or switching ART. We also investigated barriers to the implementation of these strategies in each region. In total, 18 centres participated in the study: four from CE, six from EE and eight from Southeastern Europe (SEE). Between those 2 years, older PIs were less frequently used and darunavir-based regimens were the main PIs (83%); bictegravir-based and tenofovir alafenamide-based regimens were introduced in CE and SEE but not in EE. The COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly interrupt delivery of ART in most centres. Two-thirds of centres adopted a rapid ART start strategy, mainly in pregnant women and to improve linkage of care in vulnerable populations. The main obstacle to rapid ART start was that national guidelines in several countries from all three regions did not support such as strategy or required laboratory tests first; an INSTI/NRTI combination was the most commonly prescribed regimen (75%) and was exclusively prescribed in SEE. 2DRs are increasingly used for starting or switching ART (58%), and an INSTI/NRTI was the preferred regimen (75%) in all regions and exclusively prescribed in SEE, whereas the use of bPIs declined. Metabolic disorders and adverse drug reactions were the main reasons for starting a 2DR; in the second survey, HIV RNA <500 000 c/ml and high cluster of differentiation (CD)-4 count emerged as additional important reasons. In just 2 years and in spite of the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, significant achievements concerning ART availability and strategies have occurred in CE, EE and SEE that facilitate the harmonization of those strategies with the European AIDS Clinical Society guidelines. Few exceptions exist, especially in EE. Continuous effort is needed to overcome various obstacles (administrative, financial, national guideline restrictions) in some countries.

Lip and oral cavity cancers are among the top 10 cancer causes and mortality globally. Some countries in the Indian subcontinent bear a disproportionately higher burden of lip and oral cavity cancers. Detailed analysis of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent using all available data is important for effective policy planning. This paper aims to summarise the total burden of lip and oral cavity cancer and compare it across countries within the Indian subcontinent. Data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study were extracted to analyse cancer incidence, prevalence, mortality and cancer risk before reaching 74 years. Furthermore, summary estimates of years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to lip and oral cavity cancers were extracted from the GBD database. The data of individual countries within the Indian subcontinent were used for comparison. The estimated number of deaths from lip and oral cavity cancers for 2019 was 90732 in the Indian subcontinent. The Indian subcontinent accounted for 45.3% of the deaths attributable to lip and oral cavity cancers. The incidence of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent ranged from 3.18 per 100,000 population in Maldives to 12.76 per 100,000 population in Pakistan. The incidence rate of lip and oral cavity cancer in India was 7.54 per 100,000 population. However, due to the population size, India accounted for 104837 incident cases of lip and oral cavity cancers annually. The estimated number of prevalent and incident cases of lip and oral cavity cancers from the Indian subcontinent in 2019 was 0.46 million (30% of overall cases globally) and 0.15 million (39% of incident cases globally), respectively. The Indian subcontinent also accounted for 50% of the DALYs attributable to lip and oral cavity cancers worldwide. The Indian subcontinent accounts for disproportionately higher cases and deaths due to lip and oral cavity cancers than other regions. It calls for urgent policy action to prevent the disease spread, early diagnosis and optimal management of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent.