Burden and Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Pediatric Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study

Anxiety and depression are common in the elderly and affect their quality of life. The rates of depression and anxiety are higher among those living in institutional settings and are usually undiagnosed. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and mixed form (i.e. depression and anxiety) in the elderly living at geriatric homes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 elderly participants from four randomly selected geriatric homes in Cairo. A pretested interview questionnaire was used to collect data. A short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Katz scale for Activity of Daily living, the three-item loneliness scale and the Personal Wellbeing Index Scale were used. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and mixed disorder among the studied group were 37.5, 14.2 and 30%, respectively. Old age and the presence of comorbidities were predictors for depression and/or anxiety. Female sex, a lower social class, insufficient income, partial independence and loneliness feeling are significant predictors for depression. Being married and loneliness feeling are significant predictors for anxiety, whereas the functional status is a significant predictor for mixed depression and anxiety. Depression and/or anxiety were found in more than 80% of the studied group. An older age, female sex, insufficient income, a lower social class, a partially independent functional status, the presence of comorbidities, more frequent loneliness feeling and being married or divorced were found to be significant predictors for these problems. This study reflects the need for the screening of the elderly in geriatric homes for depression and/or anxiety, especially among high-risk groups, and developing interventions to prevent and control such problems.

Objective: This study was done to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among doctors in COVID MCH unit in Delhi. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in India among 356 doctors to evaluate the mental health of doctors working in COVID-infected maternity wards over a period of 6 months using a predesigned, semistructured Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire which was developed on Google Forms. The predictors to stress, anxiety, and depression were subject to univariate logistic regression. Result: Out of the total 356 participants, 38.76% felt stressed, 56.46% were anxious, while 43.25% felt depressed. The mean DASS-21 score for stress, anxiety, and depression was 7.46, 4.12, and 4.29, respectively. Female gender was found to be a significant predictor of stress, anxiety, and depression. Staying with parents/children was a significant predictor for stress and living alone was found to be a significant predictor of depression. Fear of infecting their family members was the main concern among those tested positive. Conclusion: The present study has shown a significant psychological impact arising from this pandemic. Early screening targeting the medical workforce and the implementation of psychological interventions is essential for maintaining the functionality of the healthcare system.

Depression negatively affects rehabilitation and quality of life after stroke. Identifying in the acute phase patients at high risk for post-stroke depression would facilitate early detection of depressive symptoms. The DEPRESS (Depression Predictors after Ischemic Stroke) study was a prospective cohort study designed to identify baseline predictors of depression occurring within six months after ischemic stroke and high-risk patients for post-stroke depression. All patients without aphasia were screened for depression by a neurologist using the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the diagnosis was confirmed by a psychiatrist with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. In severely aphasic patients, depression was diagnosed using the Aphasic Depression Rating Scale and the Visual Analog Mood Scale. Depression was present in 61 of 251 (24%) patients enrolled in the DEPRESS study. Female gender, prior history of depression, major physical disability, prior history of stroke, stressful life event exposure in the month preceding stroke onset, and pathologic crying were significant predictors of depression within six months after ischemic stroke. Depression was more frequent in patients with left caudate and/or lenticular nucleus lesion (OR = 2.4, 95% confidence interval, 0.97-5.91), but the difference was not significant. The presence of ≥2 predictors identified the largest proportion of depressed patients (62%) in the smallest proportion of the cohort (36%). Female gender, prior history of depression, major physical disability, prior history of stroke, recent stressful life event exposure before stroke, and pathologic crying were significant predictors of post-stroke depression occurring within six months after stroke onset.

Workplace mental health is a growing concern in Malaysia’s healthcare sector, yet comprehensive psychosocial risk assessments across all staff remain limited. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among employees in four government tertiary hospitals in Kota Kinabalu, namely Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Hospital Queen Elizabeth II, Hospital Wanita dan Kanak-Kanak Sabah, and Hospital Mesra Bukit Padang. From 21st March 2025–20th April 2025, 233 staff members were selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using validated self-administered online questionnaires, including the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Likelihood of Environment & Occupational Exposure Scale towards Psychosocial Risk in the Workplace. Analyses involved descriptive statistics, bivariate comparisons, and multivariate logistic regression using SPSS version 29. Results revealed high prevalence rates of anxiety (43.8%), depression (37.8%), and stress (27.0%). Bivariate analysis revealed elevated odds of depression among Chinese ethnicity, diploma educated, high-income staff, HQE employees, medical and clinical roles, doctors, and shift workers. Anxiety was linked to medical departments and shift work, while stress was prevalent in younger staff with shorter tenure. High job demand, low control, and inadequate support increased depression, anxiety, and stress risk. Multivariate analysis identified high psychosocial risks related to job demand (OR 3.94), control (OR 3.72), and support (OR 2.87) as significant predictors of depression. High psychosocial risk in job demand (OR 3.01), control (OR 2.29), and support (OR 2.59) also predicted anxiety. Stress was closely linked to staff aged 20–39 years (OR 3.14), high psychosocial risk in job control (OR 4.45), and support (OR 2.68). Although the cross-sectional design and reliance on self-report limit causal interpretation, these findings highlight the value of regular psychosocial risk assessments and targeted interventions. Strengthening workplace support systems is crucial to improving mental well-being among Malaysia’s hospital workforce.

Factors affecting guideline adherence in the initial treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Retrospective study in a French peripheral hospital

Poststroke depression among patients is well-recognized, while caregiver depression is understudied. The interaction between patient and caregiver depression is also unclear. This cross-sectional and follow-up study recruited 108 patient-caregiver dyads after the first-ever stroke. Demographic and clinical data, stroke severity (NIH Stroke Scale score), functional outcome (Barthel Index), and residual disability (modified Rankin Score) were documented. Using the self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire-9, we screened patients and caregivers for depressive symptoms upon admission and after 1 month. Changes in the prevalence and severity of depression were calculated. The Pearson correlation test and logistic regression analysis were conducted to evaluate both the correlation between both groups and significant predictors of depression. In total, 89 patients and 96 caregivers responded to both screenings. Depression was reported by 13.5% and 27.0% of patients on admission and after 1 month, and 9.4% and 18.8% of caregivers, respectively. Caregiver depression on admission was significantly correlated with patient depression on admission (P=0.031). In addition, depression in caregivers after 1 month was a significant predictor of patient depression (P=0.008). Predictors of caregiver depression after 1 month were female caregivers (P=0.026), caring for a male patient (P=0.045), higher mRS scores after 1 month (P=0.013), longer admissions (P=0.017), caregiver between 17 and 35 years of age compared with 54 to 70 years of age (P=0.030), and caring for a patient with poststroke depression at 1 month poststroke (P=0.003). Both stroke survivors and their caregivers are at high risk for depression, with a potential interaction between depression in the 2 groups.

45 Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are recognized as strong predictors of cancer prognosis, outcomes, and care. However, racial/ethnic minorities with colorectal cancer (CRC) tend to report poorer general health status (GHS) and mental health status (MHS) compared to non-Hispanic whites. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) if there are racial/ethnic differences in GHS and MHS within 36 months of CRC diagnosis and (2) if poorer GHS and MHS in recently diagnosed CRC patients are associated with mortality. Methods: We used the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) dataset to analyze Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years who were diagnosed with CRC between 1998 and 2011, received surgical resection for their tumor, and completed a CAHPS survey within 6-36 months post-diagnosis. CAHPS surveys captured patient-reported GHS and MHS on a five-point Likert scale ranging from “poor” to “excellent.” We used stepwise multivariable logistic regression to examine associations between patient race/ethnicity and fair or poor health status, adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic factors. Additionally, a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the risks of mortality associated with fair or poor GHS and MHS. Results: Of 1,867 patients with CRC, 79.5% were non-Hispanic white (NHW), 6.4% were non-Hispanic black (NHB), 7.5% were Hispanic, and 6.6% were non-Hispanic Asian (NHA). In Model 1 of our stepwise logistic regression, NHB patients had higher unadjusted odds for fair or poor GHS (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06-2.28) compared to NHW patients while Hispanic patients had higher unadjusted odds for both fair or poor GHS (1.48, 1.04-2.11) and MHS (1.92, 1.23-3.01). In Model 2, this relationship persisted after adjusting for clinical factors, with NHB patients being more likely to report fair or poor GHS (1.62, 1.10-2.40) and Hispanic patients being more likely to report fair or poor GHS (1.49, 1.04-2.13) and MHS (1.92, 1.22-3.00). In Model 3, after adjusting for both clinical and sociodemographic factors, the association between race/ethnicity and fair or poor GHS ( p = 0.53) and MHS ( p = 0.23) no longer remained. Reporting fair or poor GHS and MHS was associated with a greater risk of mortality among all CRC patients (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.31-1.76 and 1.62, 1.34-1.99, respectively). Conclusions: Our study illustrates that racial/ethnic differences in PROs are largely driven by sociodemographic factors as opposed to clinical factors. As fair or poor GHS and MHS shortly after diagnosis reflect a higher risk of mortality in CRC patients, efforts to understand unmet biopsychosocial concerns may help further elucidate racial differences in CRC survival that may be otherwise overlooked in standard clinical practice.

The association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression has been the focus of a number of prevalent studies in recent years—particularly among high-risk youth. Depression remains a significant mental health issue among justice-involved youth. There is a well-established correlation between depressed mood and conduct problems (e.g., conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder) during childhood and adolescence, which tends to become more prevalent during adolescence. Studies of justice-involved youth reveal high prevalence rates of depression and other mood disorders. Drawing on the relevant literature, we conducted multigroup structural equation model (SEM) analyses to assess the relationships between experiencing ACEs, sexual assault victimization, and depression among male (n = 226) and female (n = 98) youth entering a post-arrest intake facility in the Florida, U.S.A. juvenile justice system in 2024–2025. The youths averaged 15 years in age, and most were attending middle school or high school. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were completed to estimate a latent variable labeled depression. Sexual assault victimization and ACEs were hypothesized to be related to each other and were specified as predictors of depression. This trauma/stress experiences and depression model was estimated in two multigroup analyses, across birth gender groups (male or female) and race groups (non-Black or Black) for the youth in this study. The results indicated that there are several notable conclusions from the SEM analyses. First, depression was a scalar invariant in the two multigroup analyses, permitting clearer comparisons of the specified predictors of this construct across groups. Second, for the race-based SEM, experience of sexual assault and the total ACE score were significantly related only in the model for Black youth. The fit of the model was “poorest” among non-Black youth, although even in this case, sexual assault experiences were a significant predictor of depression. Finally, for the gender-based model, sexual assault and ACEs were significant predictors of depression among both male and female youth. Model fit results underscore the important role of abuse trauma and ACEs in understanding these youths’ depression symptoms, and they help contribute to the literature on this topic.

By the end of March 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic were widespread in Thailand led to the closures of schools and universities. The home quarantine, social distancing, and other restrictions are likely to have psychological impact on students. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress and determine predictors among undergraduate public health students. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the School of Public Health - Walailak University. Research subjects included 463 students selected by a 2-stage random sampling. A research tool was a self-administered standardized 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress scale. An ordinal logistic regression analysis was executed to determine the predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress. The results showed that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 24.8, 31, and 18.8%, respectively. Significant predictors of depression and anxiety were educational environment (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13 - 0.6; OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2 - 0.7), and tense feelings during learning (OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.9 - 6.6; OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2 - 0.8). Relationship with boy/girlfriends was considered a predictor of depression and stress (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2 - 4.9; OR = 0.5,95% CI: 0.2 - 0.9). Marital status of parent (OR = 15.5, 95% CI: 1.2 - 192.3) and family provision for learning (OR= 3.1, 95% CI: 1.3 - 7.6) were predictors of depression, and specialized majors (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1 - 0.7) was a predictor of stress. Noticeable worries about “My physical health”, “Health systems being overloaded”, and “Restricted liberty of movement” are also considered as predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress. The findings are needed to develop a good education environment and counseling services for cases having emotional problems.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Depression, anxiety, and stress account for 24.8, 31, and 18.8 %, respectively among public health students during the COVID-19 pandemic
 Three groups of predictors are related to personal and family relationship, educational environment, and worries about COVID-19
 Establishing psychological support, reducing academic burden to fit learning needs, and improving educational environments should be urgently done
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Background:Medical education & medical profession are among the most challenging and most stressful ones. Anxiety and depression represents an escalating public health problem among medical students. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence & predictors of anxiety and depression among female medical students in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out during 2010–2011. A stratified random sample method was used to select 450 medical students. A confidential, anonymous & self administered questionnaire included Standardized Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale was used.Results:The mean scores for anxiety and depression were 9.32 ± 3.77 & 6.59 ± 3.62, respectively. There is a positive correlation between anxiety & depression scores (r= 0.52, P< 0.001). Prevalence of morbid anxiety and depression were 34.9% and 14.7%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the first predictor of morbid anxiety was depression (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 3.28; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.85–5.82, P < 0.001). Students complained from condensed academic course, had academic and emotional failures during the 6 months preceded the study were about 2 times more prone to anxiety. Predictors of depression were having anxiety, nationality (being non-Saudi) & having emotional failure.Conclusion:Medical students encountered high rates of anxiety & depression compared to others. Academic problems and major life events were the main predictors. Enhancing faculty preventive & curative mental health services is recommended. Initiation of stress management courses & enhancing academic advising services are required since the start of medical education.

To determine the prevalence of depression among school going adolescents and to identify the predictors of adolescent depression. A total of 1057 adolescents (619 males and 438 females) studying in six selected schools of Ernakulam District, Kerala participated in the study. All the students from 8th to 12th standards of the schools present during the time of data collection who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. Data were collected using Socio personal data sheet and CESD-R (Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale- Revised). Of 1057 samples, 150 (14.19%) had depression and 907 (85.87%) had no depression. Among them 14.53% (90) of males and 13.69% (60) of females had depression. Family history of medication use (OR: 1.43, CI: 0.5-0.585), history of medication use among adolescents (OR: 6.07, CI: 0.496-0.515), history of family dispute (OR: 3.32, CI: 0.536-0.605), presence of learning disability (OR: 2.20, CI: 0.51-0.571), chronic physical illness (OR: 2.22, 0.508-0.567) and mother's occupation (OR: 1.40, CI: 0.499-0.581) were significantly associated with depression among adolescents. Family dispute (OR: 2.65, CI: 0.232-0.608) was the only predictor of depression among adolescents. With limitations of the study, authors observed that family dispute is a significant predictor of depression in adolescents.

PurposeTo examine the illness perceptions of informal carers of persons with depression, using the theoretical framework of Leventhal’s Common-Sense Model (CSM) and to determine whether these illness perceptions are predictors of anxiety and depression, as measures of psychological well-being.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted with 94 Maltese individuals caring for a person with depression within a community setting. The informal carers completed the modified Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQS-Relatives version) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank order correlations and ANCOVA regression models, to identify predictors of anxiety and depression respectively in the informal carers.ResultsThe informal carers perceived depression as a cyclical condition, having negative consequences on both the patient and on themselves. Participants perceived the causes of depression to be mainly psychosocial in nature and generally viewed the treatment as effective. Caring for a person with depression was perceived as having a considerable negative emotional impact on them. Years of caring was identified as a predictor of anxiety accounting for 20.4% of the variance, and timeline chronicity beliefs, consequences (relative) and illness coherence were identified as predictors of depression, accounting for 56.8% of the variance.ConclusionIllness cognitions are significant predictors of depression, thereby suggesting that cognition-based interventions may be effective in targeting depression in these informal carers. Thus, health professionals should explore the carers’ personal understanding of the disease, their timeline beliefs and the perceived consequences of providing care, as they relate to their psychological well-being.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and examine the predictors of depression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the rheumatology clinic of a university hospital. All SLE patients that met the revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification were included in the study. Sociodemographic data and medications were recorded. Disease activity for SLE was assessed with the Mexican-SLE Disease Activity Index (Mex-SLEDAI). All subjects were screened for anxiety and depression by using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the 17-item version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine predictors of depressive disorder.ResultsA total of 62 SLE (61 females and 1 male) patients participated in the study. Based on HAM-D17 and HAM-A, rates of depression and anxiety in SLE patients were 45.2% and 37.1%, respectively. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that HAM-A score and younger age were significant predictors of depression in SLE patients.ConclusionThe findings suggest that depression and anxiety are common in SLE patients. In addition, higher levels of anxiety and a younger age may increase the risk of depression. Because of the small sample size, further studies should be conducted to confirm these results.

772 – Prevalence and predictors of depression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in pre-university students in Belagavi and to identify associated sociodemographic, familial, and academic risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 330 students aged 14–19 were randomly selected from four PU colleges in Belagavi district between December 2021 and November 2022. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the patient health questionnaire-9 and generalized anxiety disorder-7 scales, respectively. Sociodemographic data and potential risk factors (e.g., living arrangements, family quarrels, financial crisis, academic stress) were captured through a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, and multivariable logistic regression; significance was set at P &lt; 0.05. Results: Mild, moderate, and moderately severe-to-severe depression affected 40.6%, 26.5%, and 18.1% of students, respectively; 41.8% reported mild anxiety, 26.6% moderate anxiety, and 8.4% severe anxiety. After adjustment, significant predictors of depression were living alone (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.89, P = 0.032), family quarrels (AOR = 2.65, P = 0.007), and study-related stress (AOR = 2.15, P = 0.034). Anxiety was independently associated with financial crisis (AOR = 1.89, P = 0.036), exposure to violence (AOR = 2.74, P = 0.016), and inability to cope with studies (AOR = 2.35, P = 0.007). Conclusion: High rates of depression and anxiety among Belagavi PU students are driven by family conflict, financial hardship, living arrangements, and academic pressures. Early screening and multifaceted interventions are urgently needed to support this vulnerable population.