Building Science

Abstract

Foreword. 1 Technical Underpinnings in Mathematics and Physics. 1.1 Linear equations. 1.2 Some statistical methods. 1.3 Foundational concepts in physics. 2 Principles of Thermal Comfort. 2.1 Heat transfer between body and environment. 2.2 Some physiological considerations. 2.3 More about individual differences. 2.4 Measurement of the thermal environment. 2.5 Selecting the appropriate index. 2.6 Thermal comfort factors. 3 Thermal Control by Building Design. 3.1 How important is the thermal environment? 3.2 Thermal building design strategies. 3.3 Importance of sunshading devices. 3.4 Radiation through roofs. 3.5 Sun position and orientation. 3.6 Solar design steps. 3.7 Achieving air movement naturally. 3.8 Removal of heat by ventilation. 4 Heat Flow and Thermal Insulation. 4.1 The need for energy conservation. 4.2 How is heat transferred? 4.3 Steady-state heat-transfer assumptions. 4.4 The nature of thermal conductivity. 4.5 Building heat-fl ow calculations. 4.6 Energy conservation standards. 4.7 Insulation and insulating materials. 4.8 The cause and nature of condensation. 4.9 Heat-fl ow calculation example. 5 Solar Energy: The Beckoning Opportunity. 5.1 Opportunities and limitations. 5.2 Two types of solar collection system. 5.3 Flat-plate solar collectors. 5.4 Solar heat-storage systems. 5.5 Sizing a solar hot-water service. 5.6 The degree-day concept. 5.7 Sizing a solar space-heating system. 5.8 Integrating building structure and heat storage. 5.9 Passive solar systems. 6 Light, Color, and Vision. 6.1 Some historical background. 6.2 Light speed and color. 6.3 What is light? 6.4 Light viewed as mechanical waves. 6.5 Measurement units of light. 6.6 Light refl ection, absorption, and transmission. 6.7 The visual field and adaptation level. 6.8 Perceptional constancy. 6.9 The nature of glare. 7 Daylight Design Principles. 7.1 Variability of daylight. 7.2 Quality of daylight and color. 7.3 How much daylight is available? 7.4 Measurement of daylight. 7.5 Model analysis. 7.6 The daylight factor concept. 7.7 Glare from daylight. 8 Artifi cial Lighting. 8.1 Definition of terms. 8.2 Creation of light artificially. 8.3 Functions of the luminaire. 8.4 Light fixtures. 8.5 The lumen method of lighting design. 8.6 The room cavity ratio. 8.7 The PSALI concept. 9 The Nature of Sound. 9.1 What is sound? 9.2 Objective units of sound measurement. 9.3 Addition, deletion, and reduction of sound pressure levels. 9.4 The concept of octave bands. 9.5 Subjective units of sound measurement. 9.6 How do we hear sound? 9.7 Hearing conservation in the environment. 9.8 Sound-measurement instruments. 10 Room Acoustics. 10.1 Refl ection and diffraction of sound. 10.2 Absorption of sound. 10.3 Speech communication. 10.4 Halls for speech and music. 11 Noise Control and Insulation. 11.1 Noise control by legislation. 11.2 Airborne and solid-borne sound. 11.3 Airborne noise insulation. 11.4 Solid-borne noise insulation. 11.5 Noise insulation in practice. 11.6 Common noise sources. 12 Sustainable Architecture Concepts and Principles. 12.1 Human resistance to change. 12.2 Discernible trends. 12.3 Fundamental concepts and definition of terms. 12.4 Assessment of high-performance buildings. 12.5 Energy design strategies. 12.6 Water conservation strategies. 12.7 Closed-loop building materials. References and Further Reading. Keyword Index.