Abstract
Renovation at district scale is a key strategy to reduce CO2 emissions by optimising the implementation of renewable energy sources and taking advantage of economy of scale. This paper focuses on analysing good practice examples on energy renovations at district scale. The paper adapts a qualitative research methodology in four phases, including the multi-perspective analysis of nine exemplary renovation projects in six European countries, including identification of drivers and barriers of different stakeholders.It is found that the drivers for a district renovation are not restricted to energy savings, but typically also include improving the overall quality of life as well as the image and economic value of a district. Moreover, the need for financial models that can alleviate split-incentive problems between investors and resident organizations is identified.Barriers for carrying out a district renovation include that there is a need to comply with energy standards, that the renovation scope had to be limited to avoid a noticeable rent increase and that resettling of tenants during the renovation is often not possible.Lessons learned include that good communication amongst the different stakeholders, especially with residents, plays a key role for the success of the project. Furthermore, a strong leadership is needed to coordinate activities due to the great number of stakeholders.
Highlights
Buildings account for approx. 40 % of the world’s total energy use and 30 % of CO2-emissions (European Commission, 2012a)
The overarching goal is to develop a methodology for implementing cost-effective building renovation at a district level combining energy efficiency and renewable energy, with a particular focus on finding the optimum balance between them, as anticipated in the introduction, a study was accomplished regarding the assessment of existing case studies of buildings energy renovation at district scale
These key parameters were defined through recursive discussions among the expert members of the project, based on the knowledge acquired in IEA Annex 56 Webpage, which had a similar focus referred to individual buildings: Goal of the in terventions, Balance between energy efficiency and renewable energy sources, Drivers (Decisive aspects for the successful implementation), Main barriers and influencing factors, Business models
Summary
Buildings account for approx. 40 % of the world’s total energy use and 30 % of CO2-emissions (European Commission, 2012a). 40 % of the world’s total energy use and 30 % of CO2-emissions (European Commission, 2012a). The building stock in e.g. Europe is relatively old and consists of more than 40 % buildings built before 1960 and more than 90 % before 1990 and replacement and expansion rates are extremely low Renovation rates are very low, i.e. the annual reduction in the building stocks primary energy use is approx. A lot of research has already been conducted about the energy effi ciency of existing buildings and balancing energy efficiency with renewable energy production, but typically, the focus has been set on single buildings, e.g. IEA EBC Annex 56 (Almeida & Ferreira, 2017; Mørck et al, 2016; Thomsen, Rose, Morck, Jensen, & Østergaard, 2015). Focussing on entire neighbourhoods or even entire cities can be beneficial through e.g. the economy of scale and higher levels of efficiency regarding resource use and waste minimization (Paiho, Abdurafikov, & Hoang, 2015)
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