Building Bridges—Not Walls—for Technological Sovereignty

Technological sovereignty of the EU in advanced 5G mobile communications: An empirical approach

Aim. To investigate the importance of technological sovereignty for strengthening the competitive positions of Russian oil and gas companies.Objectives. To identify the key factors that determine the level of technological independence of oil and gas companies; to assess how these factors affect their ability to compete successfully at the national and international levels.Methodology. The research uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis using a systematic approach.Results. The essence of technological independence as a factor in the development of competitiveness of companies in the oil and gas sector was analyzed. The assumption is formulated that the achievement of technological sovereignty allows companies to mitigate risks arising from external factors, including international sanctions and restrictions on access to advanced foreign technologies. Several strategic initiatives have been proposed to strengthen the technological sovereignty of the domestic oil and gas industry: training of highly qualified personnel, introduction of tax incentives and subsidies from the state for companies, creation of special economic zones or technology parks, protection of intellectual property and support for patent activity.Conclusions. Technological independence is the most effective method in the context of the struggle of Russian industrial companies against external challenges: sanctions and changes in global energy markets. The development of national technologies in the oil and gas sector due to the synergetic effect has a positive impact on strengthening the competitive advantages of Russian national companies in both domestic and international markets. In order to ensure technological sovereignty, special attention should be paid to the development of strategic risk management mechanisms, as well as effective communication models between the state, industry, and science.

In early 2019, the German Ministry of Economic Affairs revealed its National Industrial Strategy 2030. Even though attenuated due to fierce domestic opposition, it marks a shift towards a more selective, interventionist industrial policy. In particular, this shift has instigated far-reaching upheavals in EU competition policy under Franco-German pressure. This article probes into the determinants of this shift in Germany, a country (in-)famous for its allegedly ordoliberal stance, especially with regard to competition policy and EU economic integration. Drawing on regulation and critical state theory, neo-Gramscian IPE as well as historical materialist policy analysis, and based on trade and investment data, document analysis and expert interviews, it reconstructs the crisis tendencies and the constellation of interests and actors which have underpinned this shift in Germany. The article argues that – in face of growing geopolitical rivalries and technological decoupling – the NIS 2030 indicates a strategic re-orientation in relevant parts of the German power bloc towards actively promoting ‘technological sovereignty’ and ‘European champions’, thereby also calling into question an important facet of the EU’s neoliberal new-constitutionalist architecture. However, this re-orientation is deeply contested, revealing growing divisions within German capital along diverging competitive positions and patterns of internationalisation.

Введение. Актуальность исследования дополнительно подтверждается его значением для социальной и экономической устойчивости страны. Развитие отечественного рынка БПЛА способствует не только технологическому прогрессу, но и созданию рабочих мест, развитию высокотехнологичных компетенций, что в условиях глобальной цифровизации и автоматизации укрепит позиции России в мировом разделении труда. Внедрение отечественных стратегий и решений, основанных на искусственном интеллекте и прогнозном моделировании, обеспечит формирование новых интеллектуальных продуктов, способных не только повысить производительность и эффективность ключевых отраслей, но и выступить гарантией национальной безопасности и устойчивости в условиях нестабильности мировой системы. Данные и методы. В исследовании предполагается использование комплексного подхода к методам исследования, направленного на систематизацию и углубленное изучение технологического суверенитета в сфере беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА). Полученные результаты. Научная значимость и актуальность исследования заключаются в острой потребности России в технологической независимости и укреплении суверенитета в критически важных секторах высоких технологий, к числу которых относится и беспилотная авиация. Беспилотные летательные аппараты, представляющие собой ключевой элемент интеллектуальных и автономных транспортных систем, становятся важным технологическим мостом между инновациями в цифровой экономике и реальным сектором, где они оказывают значительное влияние на логистику, сельское хозяйство, энергетику и строительную отрасль. Исследование направлен на решение актуальной задачи построения устойчивой научной и технологической базы, которая позволит России развить самодостаточную отрасль БПЛА, интегрированную в национальную стратегию научно-технологического развития, что особенно важно в условиях нарастающего внешнеполитического давления и ограничений. Заключение. Исследование нацелено на глубокое решение фундаментальной научной проблемы, связанной с формированием и укреплением технологического суверенитета России в сфере гражданских беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) в условиях усиливающегося санкционного давления и нестабильности глобальной экономики. Сосредоточенный на создании теоретико-методологической платформы для обеспечения независимости от зарубежных технологий, исследование призвано заложить основы стратегического управления и контроля технологической зрелости отрасли. В рамках этого подхода важнейшей задачей является разработка концепции суверенитета, которая адаптирована к специфике высокотехнологичной экосистемы отечественного производства БПЛА и предполагает формирование национальных стандартов, устойчивых к иностранным влияниям и направленных на системную интеграцию в экономику страны. При этом создание методической основы для оценки степени зависимости и выработки оперативных мер, ориентированных на предупреждение внешних угроз и усиление конкурентных позиций, становится ключевым элементом в достижении долгосрочной стабильности отрасли. Принципиально важным является разработка единой прогнозно-сценарной модели развития, предполагающей стратегически значимые приоритеты, гибкую реакцию на изменения во внешней среде и многоуровневую систему управления рисками, что позволит минимизировать потенциальные угрозы технологической зависимости и обеспечит масштабируемость отечественных решений в условиях динамичной глобальной среды. Introduction. The relevance of the project is further confirmed by its importance for the social and economic sustainability of the country. The development of the domestic UAV market contributes not only to technological progress, but also to job creation, development of high-tech competencies, which in the context of global digitalization and automation will strengthen Russia's position in the global division of labor. The introduction of domestic strategies and solutions based on artificial intelligence and predictive modeling will ensure the formation of new intelligent products that can not only increase the productivity and efficiency of key industries, but also act as a guarantee of national security and sustainability in an unstable global system. Data and methods. The project involves the use of a comprehensive approach to research methods aimed at systematization and in-depth study of technological sovereignty in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Results obtained. The scientific significance and relevance of the project lies in Russia's acute need for technological independence and strengthening of sovereignty in critical sectors of high technology, which includes unmanned aviation. Unmanned aerial vehicles, representing a key element of intelligent and autonomous transportation systems, are becoming an important technological bridge between innovations in the digital economy and the real sector, where they have a significant impact on logistics, agriculture, energy and construction industries. The project is aimed at solving the urgent task of building a sustainable scientific and technological base that will allow Russia to develop a self-sufficient UAV industry integrated into the national strategy of scientific and technological development, which is especially important in the context of growing foreign policy pressures and constraints. Conclusion. The research is aimed at in-depth solution of the fundamental scientific problem related to the formation and strengthening of Russia's technological sovereignty in the field of civil unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the conditions of increasing sanctions pressure and instability of the global economy. Focused on creating a theoretical and methodological platform to ensure independence from foreign technologies, the project is designed to lay the foundation for strategic management and control of the industry's technological maturity. Within the framework of this approach, the most important task is to develop a concept of sovereignty, which is adapted to the specifics of the high-tech ecosystem of domestic UAV production and involves the formation of national standards that are resistant to foreign influences and aimed at systemic integration into the country's economy. At the same time, the creation of a methodological basis for assessing the degree of dependence and developing operational measures aimed at preventing external threats and strengthening competitive positions becomes a key element in achieving long-term stability of the industry. It is fundamentally important to develop a unified forecasting and scenario model of development, which implies strategically important priorities, flexible response to changes in the external environment and multilevel risk management system, which will minimize potential threats of technological dependence and ensure scalability of domestic solutions in a dynamic global environment.

In the era of digital economy, the manufacturing industries of China and Russia play a crucial role in the global industrial chain. In order to occupy a more advantageous position in the global manufacturing competition, they achieve digital transformation through innovation in digital technology and enhance international competitiveness. Both governments encourage enterprises to increase investment in smart factories and digital workshops through various means such as policy support, information infrastructure construction, and funding subsidies, actively promoting the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. The key technology applications for the digital transformation of intelligent manufacturing, such as 5G, Big Data, industrial Internet of Things, augmented reality technology, artificial intelligence, etc., are aimed at improving production efficiency and quality. As a key resource, data runs through the entire lifecycle of the manufacturing industry, driving production process optimization and market insights, promoting open innovation and market mechanism transformation. Research and analysis on technological innovation and policy guidance under market competition are the core driving forces of the manufacturing industry. On the bases of the manufacturing data analysis of the two countries, manufacturing is identified as an important pillar of the national economy, and suggestions for strengthening technical sovereignty and international cooperation are made. Based on the research results, it is proposed that the manufacturing industries of China and Russia actively face challenges such as tariff barriers, geopolitics, technical standards, and brand influence, meanwhile strengthen technological sovereignty, communication, and cooperation, focus on product innovation, improve product added value, achieve independent, controllable, and sustainable development, actively cooperate and participate in diversified overseas market competition, and innovate activities to enhance market competitiveness.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the development of artificial intelligence technologies in the Republic of Turkey. It examines key documents that shape Turkey's AI strategy. National strategies, ministerial plans, and presidential programs are presented and analyzed. Technological problems in the development of the field are noted, which prevent Turkey from achieving the desired economic effect from the advancement of the AI sector. These technologies are often used in the field of public administration. Turkey aims to create a comprehensive ecosystem where AI technologies facilitate faster data analysis and decision-making. Key government agencies responsible for developing strategies and technologies and promoting AI in various areas are outlined. The article discusses some examples of the application of AI technologies from the military sphere to healthcare, allowing for an understanding of the level of development and implementation in the field. A comparative analysis of Turkey's position in the global competition for the use of AI is made. The research is based on systemic and structural-functional approaches. A set of political science methods was also used to study the object, among which comparative analysis, public policy analysis, and case studies should be highlighted. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the lack of research on this topic in Russian science. In general, it is noted that scientific and technological development remains one of the key priorities of the Turkish leadership, which requires active work in the field of modern technologies. Artificial intelligence has become one of the areas of global competition where developed countries seek to develop national solutions and implement them in various areas of government and public life due to the expectation of economic benefits. Despite Turkey's attempts to update this area, including it in national strategies, it is lagging behind the leaders of the region. At the current stage, Turkey cannot achieve technological sovereignty in the field of AI, even in partnership with countries such as Brazil, Russia, and India. It is quite realistic to connect to the models created by the United States, the EU and China while achieving their own success in certain areas of AI application. Moreover, Turkey is already using technologies from the United States, the EU and China in certain areas.

The results of monitoring of national food security based on the results of 2023 are presented, potential external threats are identified (instability of the world market, the emergence of new barriers and restrictions in the international trading system), as well as key stabilizing internal factors (high level of domestic production, annual increase in the integral food security index, increase in physical and economic accessibility of food for the population). Strategic directions and measures to increase the sustainability of the national agri-food system are substantiated, including: development and implementation of indicators of technological sovereignty of the agro-industrial complex into the monitoring system, creation of an information and analytical system for monitoring and forecasting the food security, strengthening competitive positions and promoting domestic producers in the domestic and foreign markets, development of scientific and production cooperation and mechanisms for jointly ensuring food security within the Union State, EAEU, CIS and SCO.

In the context of the formation of the knowledge economy and the intensification of global technological competition, innovation management is becoming a key factor in the competitiveness of both individual companies and regional economic systems as a whole. The purpose of the study is to systematize approaches to managing innovation activities of high-tech companies and assess their impact on achieving regional development goals. Based on the methods of comparative and structural analysis, the article examines the key stages of the innovation process and their corresponding management approaches, taking into account the specifics of high-tech business. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the consideration of the innovation management system at the micro level (company) as drivers of development at the meso-level (region). As a result, the most effective management practices have been identified and classified, contributing not only to the growth of market stability of companies, but also to stimulating the innovation climate, increasing technological sovereignty and strengthening the competitive position of the region. The practical significance lies in the development of recommendations on the formation of support programs for high-tech enterprises, as well as on optimizing their innovation strategies.

In modern conditions, the domestic brewing industry largely depends on imported supplies of pelleted hops and extracts. Current volumes of hop production in the country reveal only a small share of the processing enterprise. In the context of sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation from unfriendly risk countries, a reduction in hop imports ensures favorable development of the brewing industry. The competitive position of the Russian Federation in the world market of hops and hop products depends mainly on the effectiveness of the policy and the use of reserves for increasing the volume of hop production in the country and improving its quality. This article proposes a classification of the main problems associated with the breakthrough development of the industry, ensuring purity and rapid step-by-step movement, engineering and technological support for the industry, as well as modern and personnel support for the intensification of industry processes. An important development of hop growing is the national project “Technological Support of Food Security”, recommended for launch in 2025. The development of selection and specialized mechanical engineering for the hop industry can be considered as the flagship areas of the national project implementation. All the problematic characteristics under consideration take into account the totality of challenges for the resource and technological sovereignty of the country. In this regard, the authors proposed scenario options for the development of events for each direction of hop growing intensification. The most rational seems to be the localization of all stages of hop production and processing in the Russian Federation, which allows ensuring the resource and technological sovereignty of the industry, and accordingly reducing the import dependence of domestic hop growing. An important circumstance indicating the development opportunities is the first experience of domestic brewing companies directly participating in bread production and investing in industries. Some features of the industry development are studied using the example of the lower regions of the Russian Federation, such as the Chuvash Republic and the Krasnodar Territory.Of particular importance for ensuring the intensification of hop growing is state support for promising projects in the industry. Consolidation of federal and regional forms of support allows co-financing not only all the main technologies of hop production, but also the acquisition of domestic planting material and specialized equipment.

В статье рассмотрены текущие тенденции технического развития предприятий и особенности осуществления отдельных функций по его управлению в цифровой экономике, учитывающие переходный характер управления экономикой и вновь формирующейся политики технологического суверенитета. В настоящее время наиболее сильно данные особенности проявляются при постановке цели технического развития предприятий машиностроения, его планировании, оценке и контроле, дальнейшего вывода на устойчивые конкурентные позиции. Систематизация и анализ этих особенностей позволяет обнаружить новые явления и их характеристики, в связи с изменениями глобальной экономической модели производственной деятельности, недостаточно учитываемые в настоящее время на отечественных предприятиях при управлении процессом технического развития. В работе современные особенности российской экономики, влияющие на процесс технического развития в машиностроении, систематизированы по определенным группам и раздельно применительно к целеполаганию, планированию и оценке, затем контролю результатов технического развития. Для выявления их взаимосвязи с основными этапами технического развития построена модель его совершенствования, с последующей оценкой эффективности и контроля с учетом новых методических подходов. The article examines the current trends in the technical development of enterprises and the specifics of the implementation of certain functions for its management in the digital economy, taking into account the transitional nature of economic management and the newly emerging policy of technological sovereignty. Currently, these features are most strongly manifested when setting goals for the technical development of machinebuilding enterprises, its planning, evaluation and control, and further withdrawal to stable competitive positions. Systematization and analysis of these features makes it possible to detect new phenomena and their characteristics, due to changes in the global economic model of production activity, which are not sufficiently taken into account at present at domestic enterprises when managing the process of technical development. In the work, the modern features of the Russian economy that affect the process of technical development in mechanical engineering are systematized into certain groups and separately in relation to goal-setting, planning and evaluation, then control of the results of technical development. To identify their relationship with the main stages of technical development, a model of its improvement is constructed, followed by an assessment of efficiency and control, taking into account new methodological approaches.