Building a Critical Thinking Generation: Developing an Innovative History Learning Model

The aims of this study were to: ( 1) find out the substance of local history material in Indonesian history teaching materials used in SMA Surakarta; ( 2) Constructing the development of Indonesian history teaching materials based on local content; and ( 3) Testing the effectiveness of local content-based Indonesian history teaching materials using the Selecting, Organizing and Integrating (SOI) approach in history learning at class XI Surakarta Senior High School in increasing understanding of local history. To achieve these goals in this study used research and development methods or Research and Development (R&D). The R & D method is a research method used to produce certain products, and test the effectiveness of products. The R & D method is considered the most appropriate for this research problem. This research seeks to make products in the form of local content-based history teaching materials, as well as to test the effectiveness of using these teaching materials in learning Indonesian history according to the specified targets and criteria. This research was carried out in 4 stages , namely: (1) Exploration; (2) Model development; ( 3) Model testing; and (4) Dissemination . The results of the study show that : ( 1) The quality of Indonesian history teaching materials in high schools that have been used so far only includes material substance from basic competencies in the national curriculum. The existing teaching materials are based on a grid that has been developed in BSNP which emphasizes national political events, while local history materials have not been accommodated in teaching materials. Based on the KTSP rules, teachers can develop teaching materials according to the potential of their region. ( 2) Development of teaching materials by combining local history in the Surakarta area with existing materials and teaching materials based on the national curriculum starting from: (a) Preliminary study to determine needs; (b) Development of prototypes using the SOI. Local history material is selected from oral sources and artefact sources and integrated with national curriculum material so that teaching materials based on local content are structured; (c) An expert assessment is carried out on prototypes of teaching materials and other products developed including the instruments used to measure the effectiveness of teaching materials; (d) Limited tests and broad tests were carried out on instruments and products with a larger number of schools; and (e) Finalization. ( 3) From the results of the effectiveness test it is known that the use of local content-based history teaching materials can improve students' understanding of history in high school as evidenced by the results of the one-way ANOVA test between the experimental class and the control class . It is hoped that research will contribute to the development of history learning, especially in local history learning through the development of teaching materials. Teachers can use this research product as a reference in developing history teaching materials based on local content.

The aims of this study were to: ( 1) find out the substance of local history material in Indonesian history teaching materials used in SMA Surakarta; ( 2) Constructing the development of Indonesian history teaching materials based on local content; and ( 3) Testing the effectiveness of local content-based Indonesian history teaching materials using the Selecting, Organizing and Integrating (SOI) approach in history learning at class XI Surakarta Senior High School in increasing understanding of local history. To achieve these goals in this study used research and development methods or Research and Development (R&D). The R & D method is a research method used to produce certain products, and test the effectiveness of products. The R & D method is considered the most appropriate for this research problem. This research seeks to make products in the form of local content-based history teaching materials, as well as to test the effectiveness of using these teaching materials in learning Indonesian history according to the specified targets and criteria. This research was carried out in 4 stages , namely: (1) Exploration; (2) Model development; ( 3) Model testing; and (4) Dissemination . The results of the study show that : ( 1) The quality of Indonesian history teaching materials in high schools that have been used so far only includes material substance from basic competencies in the national curriculum. The existing teaching materials are based on a grid that has been developed in BSNP which emphasizes national political events, while local history materials have not been accommodated in teaching materials. Based on the KTSP rules, teachers can develop teaching materials according to the potential of their region. ( 2) Development of teaching materials by combining local history in the Surakarta area with existing materials and teaching materials based on the national curriculum starting from: (a) Preliminary study to determine needs; (b) Development of prototypes using the SOI. Local history material is selected from oral sources and artefact sources and integrated with national curriculum material so that teaching materials based on local content are structured; (c) An expert assessment is carried out on prototypes of teaching materials and other products developed including the instruments used to measure the effectiveness of teaching materials; (d) Limited tests and broad tests were carried out on instruments and products with a larger number of schools; and (e) Finalization. ( 3) From the results of the effectiveness test it is known that the use of local content-based history teaching materials can improve students' understanding of history in high school as evidenced by the results of the one-way ANOVA test between the experimental class and the control class . It is hoped that research will contribute to the development of history learning, especially in local history learning through the development of teaching materials. Teachers can use this research product as a reference in developing history teaching materials based on local content.

The development of teaching materials is an important ability that a teacher must have, so that learning is more effective efficient, and interesting for students. One of them is Nahwu as a type of Arabic language science that must be studied by students. The purpose of writing this paper is to reveal how the development of Nahwu teaching materials based on Mind Mapping for a teacher with the ADDIE model. The analysis used is a qualitative approach with a research and development mode. In the initial stage, a descriptive method was used to prepare library data and existing contextual conditions. In this study, the model used is the ADDIE model, a structured development concept consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The researcher's analysis found the importance of developing mind map-based Nahwu teaching materials with the ADDIE model with an instructional model through 5 stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. With this ADDIE model, the ultimate goal is to make a product for the development of Nahwu teaching materials by the principles of truth and saheeh, usefulness, attracting students' interest, consistency, and the adequacy of the material developed. The author recommends the importance of developing teaching materials for a teacher professionally in attracting students' interest in learning, it is also necessary for academics to continue to develop teaching materials to produce a product that is beneficial for Arabic learners in particular.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the development of English teaching materials at the vocational high school (SMK) Mohammad Toha in Cimahi, the availability and suitability of English teaching materials to the needs of students, especially teaching materials / materials that students learn according to their level of needs in the world of work especially for SMK students. The research problem formulation is; 1) how is the development of English teaching materials used in vocational high school (SMK) Mohammad Toha Cimahi especially in computer and network engineering (TKJ) majors? 2) what difficulties did the teachers get in developing specific English language teaching materials ?. And the purpose of the study was to develop more specific English Language Teaching Materials in accordance with the field of vocational students at Mohammad Toha Cimahi Vocational School (SMK) especially in the Department of Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ). 2) To find solutions to the obstacles faced by teachers in developing specific English Language teaching materials. This research method uses descriptive qualitative method which aims to describe the development of English Language Teaching Materials in Vocational High Schools (SMK). The results and findings in the field that students have high motivation to learn English, but there are obstacles they face including; 1) The material presented still does not meet the target needs of students for their career world, 2) Authentic material is not yet available, 3) The absence of developers / innovations in the development of teaching environments conducted by schools and teachers so that the material presented still does not answer the needs of students in SMK, innovation has not been made in developing teaching materials at school so the material presented is still textual. Teachers experience difficulties in developing teaching materials because of the lack of knowledge, the absence of experts in the development of teaching materials and the lack of training and reference in the development of teaching materials.

The learning process requires teaching materials that are useful for making it easier for educators to convey information on teaching materials in the form of materials. The development of teaching materials is needed in order to support learning needs. This study describes the development of spiritual backpacker-based teaching materials as an effort to inculcate the value of religious moderation. The research process is field research using a phenomenological approach. MI Alam Alfa Kids was used as the research location to collect concrete data. sources of data in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation as the main data. The analysis was carried out by presenting data, reducing it, and concluding. The results of this study are: 1) the development of spiritual backpacker-based teaching materials is the development of teaching materials that are adapted to the learning designs at MI Alam Alfa Kids, namely spiritual backpacker-based learning as an effort to instill the value of religious moderation; 2) Spiritual backpacker teaching materials give participants firsthand experiences of being directly connected to the community environment, giving them open insight into how to be moderate. 3) Teaching materials have advantages, including an integrated learning process with the environment, fostering student inquiry, and training students to live tolerantly in community. The drawbacks of this model are that not all subjects can be developed using it; it requires special time; not all ages can apply spiritual backpacker-based teaching materials; and the implementation of teaching materials must be accompanied by more than one teacher.

In learning Indonesian language, the existence of innovative teaching materials in line with technological developments is one of the right efforts in improving student learning outcomes. Listening material is one of the achievements per element that students must learn in learning Indonesian high school grade X according to the Merdeka Curriculum. This research focuses on the development of teaching materials and knowing the feasibility of web-based teaching materials on listening materials. The purpose of this research is to find out the analysis of teaching material needs, the development of teaching materials, and the feasibility test of web-based teaching materials on listening materials. This research uses the development method or Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model approach. Data collection is carried out by observation, interviews, filling out questionnaires. The needs analysis sample was conducted on 2 Indonesian language teachers and 20 grade X students at SMAN 4 Bekasi City, SMAN 12 Bekasi City, and SMA Strada Bekasi City. Meanwhile, product trial samples were carried out on 2 Indonesian teachers and 36 grade X students at SMAN 12 Bekasi City. The results of the needs analysis are (1) teachers and students need teaching materials on listening materials that can display audio or audio visual that can be accessed through devices anywhere and anytime; (2) web-based teaching materials are developed through three steps, namely from starting to create designs, registering domains, to developing teaching materials using WordPress media; and (3) The results of the teaching material validation test by linguists were declared very feasible with a percentage of 88%, material expert validation was declared very feasible with a percentage of 92%, and media expert validation was declared feasible with a percentage of 80%, while the results of teaching material trials by teachers were declared feasible with a percentage of 80% and teaching material trials by students were declared very feasible with a percentage of 82%. The conclusion of the research is web-based teaching materials Indonesian listening materials that can be accessed through https://bahanajarkelas10.site/ link suitable for use by teachers and grade X high school students.

Abstract
 Ideally, history learning can make students have historical thinking skills, which in this case also includes change thinking. The reality is that in the field these skills are still not mastered by students. There are many ways to make history learning more meaningful and interesting. Among the many ways, one that can be done is to integrate local historical material and then add various image media in it.
 The objectives of this study include (1) to describe the stages of developing Indonesian history teaching materials by integrating local history at SMAN 1 Lareh Sago Halaban and (2) to describe the feasibility (validity) of Indonesian history teaching materials by integrating local history at SMAN 1 Lareh. Sago Halaban. This research uses research and development or R&D methods. In developing teaching materials with the integration of local history, the researchers used the ADDIE model which was cut into ADD (Analysis, Design, and Development). This limitation is due to limited time and research funds.
 The results of this study include (1) In making the product, the first step is to analyze several aspects, including analyzing the needs of students, teachers and curriculum, (2) After that, elaborating various sources by emphasizing the truth of facts, concepts and principles to be used as material. teaching materials in teaching materials products with the integration of local history, (3) The development phase validates by material experts and teaching materials experts.
 
 Keywords: History Learning, Teaching Materials, Historical Thinking, Change Thinking, Local history

Historical learning can actually make students think critically and have the skills to think cause and effect to understand a historical event. One way that can be done to make history learning more meaningful is by innovating teaching materials into digital teaching materials in which there are contextual materials such as local history and containing supporting media including pictures and videos. This study aims (1) to describe the stages of the development of e-book teaching materials for Indonesian history subjects in the perspective of local history in the city of Padang in order to practice causal thinking skills. (2) To test and describe the feasibility of e-book teaching materials for Indonesian history subjects in the perspective of local history in Padang City which was developed in order to train causal thinking skills. (3) To describe the practicality of e-book teaching materials for Indonesian history subjects in the perspective of local history in Padang City which was developed in order to train the ability to think cause and effect. The method in this research is the method of research and development or R&D. Researchers used the ADDIE model in developing e-book teaching materials in the perspective of the local history of Padang City but it was trimmed down to ADDI so that this research stage only reached the implementation stage. The results showed that the material "Resistance against the Allies Comes to Indonesia" in this case the Battle of Surabaya and the local context of the Battle of the Padang Area is very suitable to be used to train students' causal thinking skills. The evaluation of e-book teaching materials experts from the perspective of local history in Padang City also shows that the teaching materials developed are very suitable to be used to train causal thinking skills as well as teaching materials in history learning. The practicality of the teacher shows that e-book teaching materials from the perspective of local history in Padang City are very practical to be used as teaching materials in learning Indonesian history and training the ability to think cause and effect.
 Keywords: E-book Teaching Materials, Local History, Thinking Cause and Effect, History Learning

The learning process motivates the development of scientific literacy-based teaching materials on the material of soil formation processes and soil constituent components. So far, it has only used teaching materials in school textbooks. The purpose of the researchers in carrying out this development was to find out 1) the validity of scientific literacy-based teaching materials on the process of soil formation and soil constituents, (2) the practicality of teaching materials, and (3) the effectiveness of teaching materials. Development of teaching materials using the 4D model (define, design, develop and disseminate). The instruments implemented in the research include learning achievement tests, student response questionnaires, and teaching material validation sheets. The research validated scientific literacy-based teaching materials, showing very valid criteria by obtaining a score of 3.70. The learning outcomes test on this teaching material was also very valid, with a value of 3.51. The results of the practicality of teaching materials obtained a value of 70.85% which was indicated by practical criteria. Teaching materials based on scientific literacy were also declared effective by obtaining an n-gain of 0.91 with high criteria. From these results, the advanced scientific literacy-based teaching materials can be implemented as teaching materials because the test results are declared feasible and valid.

ABSTRACT: The available teaching materials, especially on the homology materials are still limited to the knowledge, not yet emphasized on the process, so some students become passive, and this certainly influences the learning outcomes. Homology deals with organs that have different structures, but they have the same function. This is very much happening around us, for it is very necessary to be discussed and demonstrated so as to maximize student activity. One of the solutions offered is the development of STAD-based teaching materials combined with guided inquiry. Through STAD students can discuss various matters related to homology in the surrounding environment, while through guided inquiry students can demonstrate homology, and certainly better understand the process from formulating the problem, formulating goals, formulating hypotheses, determining data collection, taking data, analyzing up to conclusion. This will certainly improve the mentality and self-confidence of the students. The purpose of this study is to develop STAD-based teaching materials combined inquiry on guided homology material. The type of this research is Research Development using model design of Dick & Carey and Paulina & Purwanto in Paizah (2011). The instrument used in the form of a questionnaire is then analyzed descriptively. The developed teaching materials contain; pre-introduction, introduction, summary, evaluation, and closing. Expert content validation results about 80% content presentation and 85% content presentation with good category, while material expert validation about material feasibility is 90% and material presentation is 87% with very good category. Individual test result of 88,17% with very good category. For that it is concluded that; The development of teaching materials with STAD method combined with guided inquiry on homology material is suitable for use. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

Special Purpose Arabic Language refers to the teaching or learning of Arabic language tailored to specific needs or objectives. This means that Arabic language lessons are designed with a focus on its usage context in specific fields or activities, as opposed to a general approach to teaching Arabic. Special Purpose Arabic Language courses at the university level are tailored to specific needs and objectives in a professional context, producing graduates ready to face global challenges. The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze the process of developing interactive digital teaching materials based on 21st-century skills in Special Purpose Arabic Language courses at STAI Attanwir Bojonegoro, (2) to analyze the feasibility of interactive digital teaching materials based on 21st-century skills in Special Purpose Arabic Language courses at STAI Attanwir Bojonegoro, and (3) to analyze the effectiveness of interactive digital teaching materials based on 21st-century skills in Special Purpose Arabic Language courses at STAI Attanwir Bojonegoro. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model. Data collection techniques in this study use expert validation questionnaires, expert validation materials, student responses, and tests. The results of this research and development are as follows: (1) The development process consists of five steps: analysis, development, design, implementation, and evaluation, resulting in the production of interactive digital teaching materials based on 21st-century skills. (2) Based on validation results by experts, an average score of 90% was obtained. According to the Likert scale, the value of 90% falls into the category of very feasible because it is within the range of >61%. Meanwhile, the average percentage of student responses obtained an overall score of 88.5%, falling into the category of very feasible. (3) The results of the effectiveness test of teaching materials using a paired sample T-test showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores with a significant value (2-tailed) of p = 0.000, <0.05. The null hypothesis (H0) in this study was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted, indicating a significant difference between the two tests. Based on the data above, the developed teaching materials are effective in Special Purpose Arabic Language courses.

Recently, computer networks have been actively used at educational sites for WBT (Web‐based teaching) and the like. Teachers are trying to develop teaching materials and actively use them in the classroom. The development of teaching materials by 3D CG, actively utilizing the computer graphics functions, has also been started. However, since specialized knowledge and viewpoints are required in developing 3D teaching materials, this development is not easy compared to teaching materials development for WBT and the like. Nor is the environment for utilizing the materials unified. From this viewpoint, this paper proposes a framework for teaching materials development which facilitates the development of 3D teaching materials in the distributed sharing virtual space and realizes the collaborative utilization of multiple teaching materials on a network. The proposed scheme and the teaching materials developed by conventional methods are compared and the effectiveness of the proposed system in the development of teaching materials is discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(14): 97–106, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10607

Various innovations in current learning are still less able to improve the quality of learning including in the development of teaching materials in the form of modules. Therefore, this research was conducted in research and development of teaching materials as an effort to develop a product for use. The purpose of this study was designed to describe the results of the needs analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation of teaching materials for class X. This study is a Research and Development (R&D) study with the ADDIE development model which includes five stages, namely (1) product analysis; (2) product design; (3) product development; (4) product implementation; and (5) product evaluation. The results of the research on the development of e-module poetry reading teaching materials show that the needs of students and teachers for poetry teaching materials in the form of e-modules are very necessary in supporting and improving the quality of poetry reading learning. The development design is in the form of an initial section starting from the book cover to the table of contents, then the learning activity section contains learning activities in training and guiding students in poetry reading activities, and the closing section is evaluation. The development of this teaching material has been tested by experts in terms of language, design, and material with practical and valid results (0.75) teaching materials are ready to be used by students. Product implementation is carried out on students by looking at student responses to the teaching materials used which are practical and ready to be used. Evaluation of teaching materials is used through the results of the initial trial and final trial of learning in poetry reading learning (t-count > t-table or 4.59 > 1.70).

Indonesians seek information from social media more than books. Development of PPKn teaching materials in increasing reading interest MIN Ramba Padang in South Tapanuli district will focus on PPKn material such as joint decisions. The development of this teaching material is in the form of comics. The purpose of this study was to develop comic teaching materials to increase students' reading interest in PPKn subjects at MIN Ramba Padang kab Selatan Tapanuli Regency. This research method is research and development (R & D) method. This model is used to develop comics as teaching materials in high school SD / MI classes. While the subjects in this study were class V MIN Ramba Padang students who were located in Sipagimbar village, South Tapanuli regency as many as 17 people. The results of the study use the research method with ADDIE model.

This research aims to develop supplementary teaching materials for reading comprehension of recount texts based on local wisdom for grade VIII students at SMPN 10 Bolaang Mongondow Utara. The Merdeka Curriculum emphasizes contextual learning, yet existing materials remain misaligned with students' characteristics and needs. To identify students’ needs, this study adopts Hutchinson and Waters' (1987) theory. The research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, encompassing analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. However, this study only progresses up to the implementation stage. Data collection methods include observation, questionnaires, document analysis, and expert validation. The product was designed based on questionnaire results, which identified student’s target and learning needs. To ensure feasibility, the material was validated by two experts: an English teacher in North Bolaang Mongondow and a lecturer experienced in book and teaching material development. The validation results yielded a feasibility score of 91%, categorizing the materials as “Very Feasible.” Following validation, the product was implemented with small groups (10 students) and large groups (21 students). The results indicated that 100% of students found the materials comprehensible and engaging. This study contributes to the development of more relevant and contextualized teaching materials for students in North Bolaang Mongondow, enhancing their ability to learn and comprehend recount texts. Keywords: teaching materials, reading comprehension, local wisdom, Merdeka Curriculum, teaching material development.