Abstract
The buckling behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite conical shells (FG-CNTRC-CSs) is here investigated by means of the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT), under a combined axial/lateral or axial/hydrostatic loading condition. Two types of CNTRC-CSs are considered herein, namely, a uniform distribution or a functionally graded (FG) distribution of reinforcement, with a linear variation of the mechanical properties throughout the thickness. The basic equations of the problem are here derived and solved in a closed form, using the Galerkin procedure, to determine the critical combined loading for the selected structure. First, we check for the reliability of the proposed formulation and the accuracy of results with respect to the available literature. It follows a systematic investigation aimed at checking the sensitivity of the structural response to the geometry, the proportional loading parameter, the type of distribution, and volume fraction of CNTs.
Highlights
Conical shells are well known to play a key role in many applications, including aviation, rocket and space technology, shipbuilding and automotive, energy and chemical engineering, as well as industrial constructions
In many engineering and building structures, shells are subjected to a simultaneous action of different loads, such as a combined compressive force and external pressure, which can affect significantly their global stability, as observed in the pioneering works [1,2,3,4,5], within a parametric study of the buckling response for homogeneous composite cylindrical and conical shells subjected to a combined loading (CL)
The effective material properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix are reported in Table 1, along with the efficiency parameters for three volume fractions of CNTs
Summary
Conical shells are well known to play a key role in many applications, including aviation, rocket and space technology, shipbuilding and automotive, energy and chemical engineering, as well as industrial constructions In such contexts, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have increasingly attracted the attention of engineers and designers for optimization purposes, due to their important physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. The increased development of nanotechnology has induced a large adoption of nano-scale materials, e.g., CNTs, in many engineering systems and devices, discovered experimentally by Iijima [15] in 1991 during the production of fullerene by arc discharge evaporation It is known from the literature, that the generation of CNTs is strictly related to the creation and evaporation of fullerene, which is decomposed into graphene to yield different types of CNTs. The tubes obtained by graphite with the arc-evaporation process become hollow pipes when the graphite layer, i.e., graphene, turns into a cylindrical shape [16,17]. The modern technology has allowed a combined use of FGMs and CNTs in various structural elements, which is reflected in the introduction of a great number of advanced theoretical and numerical methods to solve even more complicated problems, with a special focus on mesh-free methods [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]
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