‘BRS 427 OL’: a high-yield, large-seeded runner-type peanut cultivar with high oleic acid content

This research was conducted in the southern Marmara region of Turkey during 2017-2018 growing season in order to study genetical structure of a hybrid population obtained from three CMS (cytoplasmic male sterile) lines and four pollen tester (restorer) lines with mid or high oleic acid content and to determine general combining abilities (gca) of parental lines, specific combining abilities (sca) of hybrid combinations and their hybrid performances. The field experiments were designed in a randomized complete block with three replications. According to the results, male parents AGR2 and AGR4 considered as good general combiners for developing increased seed and oil yields in sunflower hybrids, although there were not good general combiners in female parents for the same traits. CMS3 x AGR4 test hybrid, which has high oleic acid content, has been determined to be a promising hybrid variety candidate with its high seed and oil yields, high oil content and oleic acid content. However, although the SCA effects of CMS1 x AGR2 and CMS3 x AGR2 test hybrids were not significant for seed and oil yields, it was concluded that they were promising hybrids with high yield, oil content and mid oleic acid content. It was determined that both additive and non-additive gene effects were effective for yield and some important yield components in the hybrid population studied. The values of heterosis and heterobeltiosis values ranged from 10.8 to 728.9 % and -20.1 to 608.8 % for seed yield, respectively. Similarly, positively high and significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis values were obtained in the oil yield.

Zero erucic acid Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) seed oil has a low oleic acid content (330 g kg−1). The mid oleic acid line AB3 (650 g kg−1) and the high oleic acid line AB1 (830 g kg−1) have been developed. The objective of this research was to study the inheritance of both traits in Ethiopian mustard. Plants of AB1 were reciprocally crossed with plants of the standard line 25X‐1, the low linolenic acid line AB4, and AB3. Plants of AB3 were also reciprocally crossed with plants of 25X‐1. A genetic study was conducted through the analysis of the fatty acid profile of F1, F2, BC1F1, and F3 seed generations. The results revealed that mid oleic acid content in AB3 was determined by partially recessive alleles at a single locus Ol, whereas high oleic acid content in AB1 was the result of partially recessive alleles at two loci, Ol and Ol2. Both loci produced an increment of oleic acid content of similar magnitude, although ol2 alleles had phenotypic expression only in presence of ol alleles in homozygous condition. Segregation patterns for oleic acid content were similar in crosses of AB1 with 25X‐1 and AB4, which indicated that loci for high oleic acid content were not related to loci for low linolenic acid content. Recombination of genes controlling high oleic acid and low linolenic acid content resulted in phenotypes with >850 g kg−1 oleic acid and <25 g kg−1 linolenic acid. Reduction of linolenic acid content resulted in an increase of linoleic rather than oleic acid content.

Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) with a high oleic (>75%) and/or low linolenic acid (∼2%) content in the seed oil is of interest for nutritional and technical purposes. We analyzed whether a change in seed fatty acid composition has a direct influence on yield. Parental lines with different fatty acid composition were crossed, the segregating F2 populations were divided, and F3 bulks with contrasting fatty acid profiles were tested in two experiments. In Experiment 1, we developed four bulks in each of three crosses, which varied in oleic (58 to 82%) and linolenic (2 to 11%) acid content. F3 bulks were tested for 2 yr at three locations in Germany. In Experiment 2, two F3 bulks each were developed in 16 segregating F2 populations with high (74 to 79%) and low (59 to 64%) oleic acid content. F3 bulks were tested for 1 yr at five locations. The seed linolenic acid content did not significantly affect yield. In both experiments high oleic acid content was negatively associated with yield (with a reduction of 1.7 deciton [dt] ha−1 and 2.0 dt ha−1 of high versus low oleic acid bulks in Experiments 1 and 2). High oleic bulks exhibited a significantly increased oil content (+0.6%). Yield was negatively correlated with leaf and seed oleic acid content (r = –0.52 and r = –0.48, respectively). Seeds with high oleic acid content showed a significantly retarded germination. Breeding high oleic varieties could be complicated by the negative correlation between yield and oleic acid content.

Safflower oil, either with high linoleic acid or high oleic acid content, has a tocopherol profile dominated by α‐tocopherol. Novel safflower germplasm that accumulates predominantly γ‐tocopherol in seeds instead of α‐tocopherol has been developed. The objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical properties and stability of safflower oil with high oleic acid and γ‐tocopherol contents, produced by either mechanical pressing or solvent extraction from seeds of safflower line IASC‐2. Safflower oil with high oleic acid and α‐tocopherol contents from seeds of safflower line CR‐6 was used as a control. Seeds of IASC‐2 had low oil content (22.2% compared to 39.3%), which is the result of its wild origin. Oil samples showed only slight differences in the fatty acid profile and total tocopherol content. The predominant tocopherol form, either α‐ or γ, accounted in all cases for more than 95% of total tocopherols. Solvent extracted oils had more sterols than pressed oils, with oils from IASC‐2 having higher sterol content than oils from CR‐6. Major differences were observed for oil stability, measured with Rancimat. High γ‐tocopherol pressed oil from IASC‐2 had an induction period of 66.4 h, compared to 38.0 h for high α‐tocopherol oil from CR‐6, whereas solvent extracted oil from IASC‐2 had an induction time of 121.0 h, compared to 32.0 h for oil from CR‐6.Practical applications: Safflower oil, either with high oleic or high linoleic acid contents, has been traditionally valued as a healthy edible oil. The results of the present research indicated that the nearly complete replacement of α‐tocopherol by γ‐tocopherol has a great impact on enhancing oil oxidative stability. Oils with high oxidative stability are demanded for high temperature applications such as deep frying or biolubrication. Also, extended oxidative stability is required for biofuels. According to the results of this research, the novel safflower oil with high oleic acid and high γ‐tocopherol content is more advantageous for such applications than safflower oils with high α‐tocopherol content.Chemical properties and stability of safflower oil with high oleic acid and γ‐tocopherol contents.

Pervenets is a sunflower mutant with a seed oil oleic acid content greater than 65%. It was obtained after mutagenesis treatment on VNIIMK 8931. Several commercial varieties derived from Pervenets and breeding materials with a high oleic acid content have been marketed. However, the genetics of this trait are still not fully understood by breeders. To characterize the Pervenets mutation, we studied RFLP in relation to high oleic acid content. We performed diversity analyses on 239 genotypes with cDNA sequences coding for Δ9- and Δ12-desaturases as probes. The Δ12 RFLPs enabled us to identify at least two independent loci. One Δ12 RFLP allele (Δ12HOS) was strictly correlated to high oleic acid content, whereas no correlation was found between Δ9-desaturase polymorphism and high oleic acid content. These results enabled to us estimate the genetic distance between the marker and the Pervenets mutation loci. An F2 segregating population of 107 plants confirmed the correlation between high oleic acid content and Δ12HOS, indicating tight genetic linkage. The nature of the Pervenets dominant mutation and the complexity of the high oleic acid content trait are discussed.

High oleic acid soybeans were produced by combining mutant FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B genes. Despite having a high oleic acid content, the linolenic acid content of these soybeans was in the range of 4-6 %, which may be high enough to cause oxidative instability of the oil. Therefore, a study was conducted to incorporate one or two mutant FAD3 genes into the high oleic acid background to further reduce the linolenic acid content. As a result, soybean lines with high oleic acid and low linolenic acid (HOLL) content were produced using different sources of mutant FAD2-1A genes. While oleic acid content of these HOLL lines was stable across two testing environments, the reduction of linolenic acid content varied depending on the number of mutant FAD3 genes combined with mutant FAD2-1 genes, on the severity of mutation in the FAD2-1A gene, and on the testing environment. Combination of two mutant FAD2-1 genes and one mutant FAD3 gene resulted in less than 2 % linolenic acid content in Portageville, Missouri (MO) while four mutant genes were needed to achieve the same linolenic acid in Columbia, MO. This study generated non-transgenic soybeans with the highest oleic acid content and lowest linolenic acid content reported to date, offering a unique alternative to produce a fatty acid profile similar to olive oil.

The results of studies for the period of 2012-2015 on creation of high oleic starting material resistant to granular herbicide Express 75 from a working collection of parent forms of the Plant Production Institute nd. a VYa Yuryev NAAS are presented. The work was done by crossing parent forms, basing on combinations of positive features, namely sulfonylurea herbicide resistance gene and high oleic acid content.The aim and tasks of the study. The purpose was to determine oleic and linoleic acid contents in different sunflower forms, to select biotypes with high oleic acid content and resistant to sulfonylurea herbicide, to create starting material for sunflower breeding for resistance to sulfonylurea herbicide and high oleic acid content.Material and methods. The study material was fertile lines Kh 526 V and Kh 201 V from the working collection of the Laboratory of Sunflower Breeding and Genetics of the Plant Production Institute nd. a VYa Yuryev. Inbred lines and hybrids with high content of oleic acid triglycerides were created by conventional methods: analytical and heterosis sunflower breeding. Oil was prepared according to the modified Peisker method, and fatty acid composition of oil was analyzed by gas chromatography. The field experiments were carried out in accordance with the methodology for statistical processing of pesticide trial data. Herbicide phytotoxicity for sunflower plants was assessed by affection degree, using a rating scale.Results and discussion. Plants were treated in the phase of 4-6 true leaves with post-emergence granular herbicide Express75 in 2012-2015. A three-liter hand sprayer was used. The dose was 25 g/ha, and the fluid consumption was300 L / ha. Surviving plants were inbred. In addition, female form Kh 526 V and male form Kh 201 V were crossed on fertile basis with following individual election of plants.Accessions selected with the rating scale, according to the world literature, are supposed to have the resistance gene. Chromatography revealed several accessions with high content of oleic acid. Hereditary nature of high content of oleic acid triglycerides was experimentally confirmed and does not admit of doubt, trait is controlled by one partially dominant gene, or it is considered as fully dominant. Sunflower should have more than 82% of oleic acid omega-9 inoil (monounsaturated fatty acids) and low content of linoleic acid omega-6.Conclusions. Over the study period, a possibility of combining high oleate content in sunflower oil with resistance to sulfonylurea herbicide, namely to granular Express 75 applied at the dose of25 g / ha, was experimentally confirmed.The best way to create inbred lines with oleic oil in combination with herbicide resistance is hybridization of induced high oleic forms on fertile basis followed by inbreeding, backcrossing and individual selection of plants for a set of agricultural valuable traits.Thus, the creation of starting material to resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides with high oleic acid content offers a significant advantage in sunflower cultivation, providing access to nutrients from soil for plants, and linoleate content opens new possibilities in industrial and food sectors

Development of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding lines producing oil characterized by high oleic and low linolenic acid content is an important goal of rapeseed breeding programs worldwide. Such kind of oil is ideal for deep frying and can also be used as a raw material for biodiesel production. By performing chemical mutagenesis using ethyl methanesulfonate, we obtained mutant winter rapeseed breeding lines that can produce oil with a high content of oleic acid (C18:1, more than 75%) and a low content of linolenic acid (C18:3, less than 3%). However, the mutant lines revealed low agricultural value as they were characterized by low seed yield, low wintering, and high content of glucosinolates in seed meal. The aim of this work was to improve the mutant lines and develop high-oleic and low-linolenic recombinants exhibiting both good oil quality and high agronomic value. The plant materials used in this study included high-oleic and low-linolenic mutant breeding lines and high-yielding domestic canola-type breeding lines of good agricultural value with high oleic acid content and extremely low glucosinolates content. Field trials were conducted in four environments, in a randomized complete block design. Phenotyping was performed for wintering, yield of seed and oil, and seed quality traits. Genotype × environment interaction was investigated with respect to the content of C18:1 and C18:3 acids in seed oil. Genotyping was done for the selection of homozygous high oleic and low linolenic lines using allele-specific CAPS markers and SNaPshot assay, respectively. Finally, new high oleic and low linolenic winter rapeseed recombinant lines were obtained for use as a starting material for the development of new varieties that may be of high value on the oil crop market.

The results of using sunflower gene pool accessions (variety-population Kruiz, lines - sterility fixers Kh 1012 B, Mkh 215 B and Kh 52 B) in sunflower breeding for high content of oleic acid in oil are presented. During the period of 2007-2018, 52 self-pollinated lines were created, including 39 lines - sterility fixers and 13 lines - pollen fertility restorers, with high, medium and low content of oleic acid in oil. In 2019-2021, various expression levels of valuable economic and morphological features were determined in 15 lines - sterility fixers. The oleic acid content in oil from seeds of the lines was found to exceed 85%; the "seedlings-flowering" period lasted 53-59 days; the lines were highly resistant to rust, downy mildew and broomrape (parasitic plant). The lines are valuable sources for creating oleic sunflower hybrids.

Pyramiding of multiple genes generates rapeseed introgression lines with clubroot and herbicide resistance, high oleic acid content, and early maturity

High oleic palm oil (HOPO) with high oleic and palmitic acid contents is a new vegetable oil that needs to find further use in food applications, while hazelnut skin oil (HSO) with high oleic acid content is a by‐product of hazelnut oil production and have no commercial value. The aim of the study was to obtain new oil blends for new food formulations with high oxidative stability and low (or reasonable) saturated fatty acid content using HOPO and HSO. For this aim, they were blended in the proportions of 0 to 100% (wt/wt), and fatty acid and tocol compositions, induction period and storage stability of the blends were evaluated. Tocotrienols (560.94 mg/kg) constitute the majority of the tocol content of HOPO, while tocopherols (437.69 mg/kg) were the major tocols of HSO. HOPO has a higher saturated fatty acid composition and lower monounsaturated fatty acids content than HSO. In general, it was determined that increasing the HSO ratio in oil blends reduced their oxidative stabilities, which is most likely because HSO is richer in total unsaturated fatty acids (91.8%) than HOPO (68.4%). In addition, tocotrienols are known to be stronger antioxidants than tocopherols. Although HOPO is rich in γ‐tocotrienol, which has a strong antioxidant activity, it also has some disadvantages such as having a high price and containing significant levels of saturated fatty acids (mainly palmitic acid). The optimum blend ratio was then determined as 50% HOPO:50% HSO considering oxidative stability and fatty acid compositions.

Marker-assisted selection for fast-track breeding of high oleic lines in safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.)

Oils with high oleic acid content are in great demand because they have optimal properties for food and non-food uses. Two different levels of high oleic acid content (>75 and >84%) have been reported in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The trait is mainly controlled by partially recessive alleles at a major gene Ol, but the highest levels have been attributed to modifying genes. The objectives of this research were to map the Ol locus and modifying genes involved in oleic acid content of safflower seeds and to determine the nature of Ol through a candidate gene approach. Two F2 mapping populations from the nuclear male-sterile line CL-1 and the high oleic acid lines CR-6 (>75% oleic acid) and CR-9 (>84%) were developed and phenotyped for oleic acid content at the F2 and F3 seed level. A genetic linkage map comprising 15 linkage groups and 116 random amplified polymorphic DNA, simple sequence repeat (SSR), and sequence-characterized amplified regions marker loci was constructed for the CL-1 × CR-9 population. The Ol gene was mapped to linkage group (LG) T3 tightly linked to the SSR marker ct365, which was confirmed in the CL-1 × CR-6 population. Additionally, a quantitative trait locus with a minor effect on increasing oleic acid content was identified on LG T2. The candidate gene approach indicated that an oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine desaturase FAD2-1 locus underlies the Ol gene. Both the genetic information and the markers developed in this research will contribute to marker-assisted selection for high oleic acid content in safflower.

A F2 population was partitioned into low oleic and high oleic acid content groups using a high oleic allele-specific marker.  These low and high oleic acid content groups and pooled groups were subjected to variability and association analyses.  The variability parameters were similar in both high oleic and low oleic populations.  Traits viz., plant height, head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed yield and oil content are considered as selection indices for improving oil yield.   These selection indices can be followed to improve oil yield in both high oleic and low oleic populations.   However, separate selection indices to improve oil content viz., volume weight, plant height and head diameter for high oleic acid populations and volume weight, days to flowering and 100-seed weight for a low oleic populations may be followed.   These results indicated that similar selection indices could not be adopted to improve a trait in all populations. Keywords: Sunflower, high oleic acid content, oil yield, variability, correlation.

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a vital oil crop worldwide. High oleic acid content is a desirable quality trait for rapeseed oil, which makes it more beneficial to human health. However, many germplasm resources with high oleic acid content in rapeseed have not been evaluated with regard to their genotypes, making it difficult to select the best strains with this trait for the breeding of high oleic acid rapeseed variety. This work was to explore the gene-regulation mechanism of this trait using a new super-high oleic acid content (∼85%) line N1379T as genetic material. In this study, the sequences of four homologous fatty acid desaturase (BnFAD2) genes were compared between super-high (∼85%, N1379T) and normal (∼63%) oleic acid content lines. Results showed that there were two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BnFAD2-1 and BnFAD2-2, respectively, which led to the amino acid changes (E106K and G303E) in the corresponding proteins. Functional analysis of both genes in yeast confirmed that these SNPs were loss-of-function mutations, thus limiting the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid and resulting in the considerable accumulation of oleic acid. Moreover, two specific cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) markers for the two SNPs were developed to identify genotypes of each line in the F2 and BC1 populations. Furthermore, these two mutant loci of BnFAD2-1 and BnFAD2-2 genes were positively associated with elevated oleic acid levels and had a similar effect with regard to the increase of oleic acid content. Taken together, these two novel SNPs in two different BnFAD2 genes jointly regulated the high oleic acid trait in this special germplasm. The study provided insight into the genetic regulation involved in oleic acid accumulation and highlighted the use of new alleles of BnFAD2-1 and BnFAD2-2 in breeding high oleic acid rapeseed varieties.