Abstract

Recent improvements in time-domain reflectrometry (TDR) rendered precise measurements of complex permittivity possible over a wide frequency range from about 100 kHz to 20 GHz. Developments in sampling techniques and digital processing have enhanced enormously the quality of measurements. Powerful software development has been realized by the introduction of the total reflection method by Cole. This approach, including complete use of basic transmission line theory and some high frequency corrections have made it possible to make complex permittivity measurement of materials, even with large d.c. conductivity. Application of the TDR technique in the field of liquid crystals, microemulsions and polar liquids is discussed.

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