British Russophobia and The Greek Connexion

This paper reports the results of a national survey of psychology faculty regarding their instructional use of computers. The survey was designed to answer three general questions: (1) In what ways and to what extent are psychologists using computers in their instruction? (2) What individual characteristics differentiate among levels of users? (3) What institutional characteristics appear to promote or inhibit the instructional use of computers? The results reveal that, although there appears to be extensive use of computers to support instruction, there are both institutional and individual characteristics that differentiate among levels and types of use. Several factors are identified that could lead to increased instructional use of computers, but their impact will largely be determined by the characteristics of the individual and the institution.

Asset development policies have been promoted as a means to create a more inclusive "ownership society." During the past few years, asset-building scholarship has begun to focus specifically on marginalized groups, including people with disabilities. Using a sample of individual development account (IDA) program participants (N = 376), the authors examine effects of disability status on IDA saving performance. They also assess variations in saving performance by individual and programmatic characteristics. Results suggest that disability status, in addition to a number of individual and program characteristics, is associated with saving performance in an IDA program. Implications for practice and scholarship are presented.

Abstract. Given the proven effects of weather on the human organism, an attempt to examine its effects on a psychological and emotional level has been made. Emotions affect the bio tone, working ability, and concentration; hence their significance in various domains of economic life such as health care, education, transportation, and tourism. The present pilot study was conducted in Sofia, Bulgaria over a period of eight months, using five psychological methods: Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Test for Self-assessment of the emotional state, Test for evaluation of moods and Test ''Self-confidence-Activity-Mood''. The Fiodorov-Chubukov's complex-climatic method was used to characterize meteorological conditions in order to include a maximal number of meteorological elements in the analysis. Sixteen weather types are defined depending on the meteorological elements values according to this method. Abrupt weather changes from one day to another, defined by the same method, were also considered. The results obtained by t-test showed that the different categories of weather led to changes in the emotional status, which indicates a character either positive or negative for the organism. The abrupt weather changes, according to expectations, have negative effects on human emotions – but only when a transition to the cloudy weather or weather type, classified as ''unfavorable'', has been realized. The relationship between weather and human emotions is rather complicated since it depends on individual characteristics of people. One of these individual psychological characteristics, marked by the dimension ''neuroticism'', has a strong effect on emotional reactions in different weather conditions. Emotionally stable individuals are more ''resistant'' to the weather influence on their emotions, while those who are emotionally unstable have a stronger dependence on the impacts of weather.

Students' perceptions of the campus climate can affect their success and outcomes. Student-athletes' experiences with campus life are unique. The Student-Athletes Climate Study (SACS) is a national study of over 8,000 student athletes from all NCAA sports and divisions. The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of individual and institutional characteristics, as mediated by climate, on student-athletes' (a) academic success, (b) athletic success, and (c) athletic identity. Results indicated that differences in outcomes existed based on institutional and individual characteristics. It was also clear that climate mattered. Six of the seven climate scales influenced the outcomes, and differences in outcomes based on sexual identity, Division, and featured sport participation were more salient when climate was taken into account. Positive aspects of climate led to increases in outcomes in almost every relationship. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed, as well as specific suggestions of initiatives to improve the climate to promote the success of all student-athletes.

Students’ perceptions of the campus climate can affect their success and outcomes. Student-athletes’ experiences with campus life are unique. The Student-Athletes Climate Study (SACS) is a national study of over 8,000 student athletes from all NCAA sports and divisions. The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of individual and institutional characteristics, as mediated by climate, on student-athletes’ (a) academic success, (b) athletic success, and (c) athletic identity. Results indicated that differences in outcomes existed based on institutional and individual characteristics. It was also clear that climate mattered. Six of the seven climate scales influenced the outcomes, and differences in outcomes based on sexual identity, Division, and featured sport participation were more salient when climate was taken into account. Positive aspects of climate led to increases in outcomes in almost every relationship. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed, as well as specific suggestions of initiatives to improve the climate to promote the success of all student-athletes.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between individual, institutional and demographic characteristics on one hand and the research productivity of agriculture faculty members on the other. The statistical population of the research comprises 280 academic staff in agricultural faculties all over Tehran Province. The data regarding research productivity and demographic characteristics were extracted from the faculty members’ profiles. Questionnaires were utilized to collect information concerning individual and institutional variables. The reliably of the questionnaire was calculated to be between 0.74 and 0.97 using the Cronbach’s Alpha. The regression analysis revealed that from among demographic characteristics two variables, namely, academic rank and age (\( {\text{R}}_{\text{AD}}^{ 2} \) = 0.265), among individual characteristics, three variables, namely, working habits, creativity as well as autonomy and commitment (\( {\text{R}}_{\text{AD}}^{ 2} \) = 0.097), and among institutional characteristics four variables namely, network of communication with colleagues, resources of facilities, corporate management and clear research objectives (\( {\text{R}}_{\text{AD}}^{ 2} \) = 0.151) were significant predictors for agricultural faculty members’ research productivity.

Research performance is recognized as one of the most critical indices for the evaluation of a research institute. However, very few previous scientific studies have focused on the factors affecting a science research institutes research performance in Sri Lanka. The study focusses to identify whether the research performance of research institutions coming under the State Ministry of Skills Development, Vocational Education, and Research & Innovation is affected by individual and institutional characteristics. Purpose The study is to identify the research performance of research institutions is affected by individual and institutional characteristics Design/Methodology/Approach Primary & secondary data has been predominately used in order to address the research objectives. The research is conducted perusing the recent and major Journals and articles that are published in reliable, high quality Journals on the captioned subject. The data concerning the research performance of academics has been extracted from the questionnaire, NIFS Research Repository, Annual Reports and from NASTEC reports. This quantitative study conducted using a deductive approach through a slightly adopted version of an already validated and reliability checked questionnaire Findings Individual characteristics and institutional characteristics were significantly correlated with the research performance (r=0.356, r=0.568 respectively). Of all variables, institutional characteristics had the strongest positive correlation where it could be used as a significant predictor (R2AD= 0.320) for the research performance of research institutions. Keywords Research performance, Individual characteristics, Institutional characteristics Paper Type Research paper

This research analyses the influence of both individual and leadership characteristics on research productivity, mediated by institutional characteristics, of the lecturers in the Faculty of Economics and the Faculty of Languages and Arts at the University of X in Jakarta. We distributed a questionnaire with closed questions to 100 lecturers who are not department heads and hold master's degrees or higher. We then performed a quantitative analysis of mediation using SPSS software. The results indicate that the effect of individual characteristics on research productivity is partially mediated by institutional characteristics, and that the effect of leadership characteristics on research productivity is fully mediated by institutional characteristics.

Individual and institutional characteristics associated with short tenures of deanships in academic nursing

Using data from a sample of people who had graduated from the Western Australian Institute of Technology over a seven year period, a logistic regression approach was used to identify those individual and institutional characteristics of salaried professionals that significantly increased the probability of belonging to a union. Individual endowments and characteristics such as sex, marital status and previous unemployment history were shown not to be important determinants of union membership. Several individual characteristics such as level of full-time work experience, and an individual emphasis on job security were identified as important determinants of union membership amongst this group of salaried professionals; however, institutional characteristics such as industry and public versus private sector employment tended to dominate as predictors of union membership.

While cigarette use is declining, smoking tobacco with a waterpipe is an emerging trend. We aimed to determine the prevalence of waterpipe use in a large diverse sample of U.S. university students and to assess the association of waterpipe use with individual and institution-related characteristics. We assessed students from 152 U.S. universities participating in the National College Health Assessment during 2008-2009. We used multivariable regression models to determine independent associations between individual and institutional characteristics and waterpipe tobacco use in the past 30 days and ever. Of 105,012 respondents included in the analysis, most were female (65.7%), White (71.2%), and attending public (59.7%) nonreligious (83.1%) institutions. Mean age was 22.1 years. A total of 32,013 (30.5%) reported ever using a waterpipe to smoke tobacco. Rates for current tobacco use were 8.4% for waterpipes, 16.8% for cigarettes, 7.4% for cigars (including cigarillos), and 3.5% for smokeless tobacco. Of current waterpipe users, 51.4% were not current cigarette smokers. Although current waterpipe use was reported across all individual and institutional characteristics, fully adjusted multivariable models showed that it was most strongly associated with younger age, male gender, White race, fraternity/sorority membership, and nonreligious institutions in large cities in the western United States. After cigarettes, waterpipe use was the most common form of tobacco use among university students. Because waterpipe use affects groups with a wide variety of individual and institutional characteristics, it should be included with other forms of tobacco in efforts related to tobacco surveillance and intervention.

Using data from 21 voluntary blood drives over a five-year period, we establish connections between undergraduate students’ blood donation behaviors and their demographic, academic, leadership, and military characteristics at a military college in the United States. We find that blood donation participation rates for students at this military college are much higher than the national average for the 18- to 24-year-olds. Certain characteristics such as fitness, athletic status, academic performance, and intent to pursue a military career after graduation are significantly correlated with blood donation. We also find that college students’ blood donation behaviors may be influenced by their attitudes toward civic responsibility, time constraints, incentives, peer effects and the characteristics of blood collection agencies. This study provides new insights into individual characteristics that correlate with blood donation. It also highlights the role of unique military education and institutional characteristics in promoting better fitness, the pursuit of a military career, and selfless service among young people, all of which might help explain demonstrated higher blood donation participation than their peers elsewhere.

The relationship between research productivity and teaching effectiveness has long been a controversial topic among university professors. This study utilizes a nationwide survey of economics faculty to examine the relationship between research productivity and classroom performance, using self-reported measures of research output and teaching evaluation scores, and to solicit the participants' opinions on this issue. Findings indicate a very weak relationship between research output and teaching effectiveness. However, individual and institutional characteristics seem to explain some differences in research output and teaching evaluation scores. Further, faculty opinions on the research-teaching relationship seem to be influenced by institutional and individual characteristics.

To sustain the welfare state, several EU countries agreed to take measures aimed at increasing the labor market participation of older workers (European Commission 2001). In this study, we developed a framework integrating individual, work, and institutional characteristics in order to explain the labor market participation of older workers. While prior studies focused mainly on individual characteristics, the present analysis investigated the impact of work and institutions more closely using the European Social Survey. Multilevel analyses across 21 countries showed that work characteristics increased the benefits from work, hence increasing the likelihood of participation among older workers, and that the generosity of institutions discouraged older workers to remain in the labor market.

BackgroundThere is a substantially increasing need for general practitioners (GPs) for future unpredictable pandemic crises, especially at the community-based health services (CBHS) level to protect the vast and varied grassroot-level population in China. Thus, it is crucial to understand the factors that affect Chinese medical students’ GP career choices and commitments to CBHS.MethodsLeveraging the self-administered data collected across the country, this study conducted logistic regressions with 3,438 medical students. First, descriptive statistics of outcome variables and independent variables were provided. Then, stepwise logistic regression models were built, starting from adding individual characteristics, and then familial and institutional characteristics. Last, post-estimation was conducted to further assess whether there were significant marginal effects.ResultsResults showed that women students were 24% less likely to choose GP careers but were 1.25 times more likely to commit to CBHS than their men peers, holding other individual, familial, and institutional characteristics constant. In addition, students who major in GP-orientated were more likely to choose GP careers and commit to CBHS, respectively, than those who major in clinical medicine. Furthermore, familial characteristics like annual income and mother’s educational level only significantly predicted commitments to CBHS. Notably, sex-related differences in GP career choices and commitments to CBHS – by different regions – were observed.ConclusionsUnderstanding the factors that affect medical students’ GP career choices sheds light on how medical education stakeholders can make informed decisions on attracting more medical students to GP-orientated majors, which in turn cultivates more GP professionals to meet the nation’s demand for GPs. In addition, by understanding the factors that influence medical students’ commitment to CBHS, policymakers could make beneficial policies to increase medical students’ motivations to the grassroot-level health institutions, and devote to CBHS as gatekeepers for a large population of residents’ health.