Abstract
Geochemistry of brines in the Tunguska artesian basin indicates that these brines were in equilibrium with carbonate, sulfate, and secondary aluminosilicate minerals but not with primary aluminosilicates. Salinity of brines saturated with halite is greater than 360 g/dm{sn3}. Analysis of the Ca/Cl, Sr/Cl, and Br/Cl ratios of the brines testifies that an increase in the salinity of the brines and variations in their composition result from metamorphism in the water–rock system. The principal Ca and Sr sources of the brines are sulfates (anhydrite, gypsum, and celestine), which are dissolved because of reduction of the sulfate ion and its removal from the system: CaSO4 + 2Corg + MgCl2 + 2H2O = MgCa(CO3)2 + H2S + 2HCl. Another process forming the chemical composition of the brines is interaction with primary (Ca, Mg) aluminosilicates according to the reaction: CaAl2Si2O8 + 3H2O + 2CO2 = Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + Ca{sn2+} + 2HCO−3.The principal source of Br for the brines is seawater.
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