Abstract
Brine sludge (BS) is an industrial waste generated in large amounts by the Chlor-alkali industry and, usually disposed into industrial landfills. Because BS contains several chemical compounds, also presents a potential environmental impact. The feasibility of the utilization of brine sludge wastes for the preparation of value-added materials was investigated. The characterization of two brine sludge samples was performed in terms of chemical and physical composition, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis (DTA/TG). Elements like Ca, Si, Na, Mg, Al, Cl, and Fe were identified in the samples. The XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature of compounds and indicated that the main compounds in brine sludge samples were calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, and quartz. FTIR showed the presence of varying functional groups like carbonate, siloxane, and hydroxide. The two brine sludge samples can be considered as a fine powder with the mean diameter (d50) of 4.984 µm and 24.574 µm, for the BS from Santo André and Cubatão, respectively. The results indicated that the brine sludge samples presented favorable characteristics to use limestone filler and binder alternative to Portland cement in the nonstructural construction materials. The incorporation of brine sludge in geopolymeric materials is another possible use in sustainable construction material products. The production of value-added products from brine sludge will be an important contribution towards sustainable development adopted by the Chlor-alkali industry.
Highlights
E Chlor-alkali industry is essential to the chemical industry because it is responsible for the production of chlorine, which has many applications such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, ultra-pure metals, polymers, and others [1,2], besides the caustic soda production, which can be applied in the manufacture of almost all chemical products
The Chlor-alkali industry generates large amounts of brine sludge (BS). at industrial waste is generated in large amounts in Brazil and usually disposed into industrial land lls
Identi cation of the phases present in the brine sludge samples was carried out by comparing the experimental interplanar spacing (d values) with those of the respective likely substances listed in the PDF2 of ICDD (International Centre for Diffraction Data) and ICSD (Inorganic Crystal Structure Database). e X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) of BS samples from Santo André and Cubatão are shown in Fig. 1 and 2, respectively. ere is a great similarity between the diffractograms of the samples, despite being of different origins. e XRD pa erns are composed of sharp multiple peaks indicating that the samples have a predominance of crystalline structure
Summary
E Chlor-alkali industry is essential to the chemical industry because it is responsible for the production of chlorine, which has many applications such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, ultra-pure metals, polymers, and others [1,2], besides the caustic soda production, which can be applied in the manufacture of almost all chemical products. The Chlor-alkali industry generates large amounts of brine sludge (BS). At industrial waste is generated in large amounts in Brazil and usually disposed into industrial land lls. Brine sludge generated from the different Chlor-alkali industries from different countries presents potential recycling and reuse [3,4,5,6], there are no many studies that address the characterization of this type of waste generated in Brazil.
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