Abstract
Extremely high volumes of salty wastewater are produced by textile manufacturers daily. Therefore, brine recycling from the wastewater should be regarded as a crucial issue within the textile industry. Ozonation was used in this two-part study as a purification method for industrial textile wastewater polluted by low-molecular-weight salts (LMWS). Part 1 revealed the accumulation of ozonation by-products in a multi-recycling system. The objective of Part 2 was the scaling-up of the process and the investigation of the occurrence of by-products. It was found that ozonation works well in an alkaline reaction medium, which was characteristic of the wastewater from a dye house; an almost complete color removal was achieved within 30 min of treatment. The brine that was produced from the wastewater treated by ozonation in a 20 L bubble column reactor was recycled successfully. Dyeing of cotton with five types of reactive dyes in various shades resulted in very good values of DECMC, which is the normative color matching parameter, and were between 0.15 and 1.2. The color fastness obtained for upcycled fabrics were satisfactory, and not worse than standard values. Although accumulation of the side products was detected in Part 1, the fabric discharges produced in the scaled-up process were free from carcinogenic amines and heavy metals. The study indicated that ozonation can be applied in the industry as a method for textile wastewater recycling.
Highlights
Numerous literature reports have revealed great pollution of textile wastewater by low-molecular-weight salts (LMWS) [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The findings of this study indicate that ozonation can be applied in the textile industry as a highly effective method for recycling of salty wastewater
Even though the ozone transfer from the gas phase into the liquid phase was far less effective in the case of laboratory scale (LS) compared to intermediate bench scale (IBS) experiment, the same main principles of dye ozonation could be observed in LS and IBS
Summary
Numerous literature reports have revealed great pollution of textile wastewater by low-molecular-weight salts (LMWS) [1,2,3,4,5,6]. The problem of salty wastewater emission seems to be severe in industrial areas of massive textile production. Bhatia and co-workers [7] indicate that the total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration measured in a local river (Punjab, India) even reached 3000 mg/L. The pollution revealed by Bhatia and co-workers [7] was caused by direct emission of textile wastewater into surface water. It should be kept in mind that the danger of an increase in the salinity of water bodies is real, even for industrial districts with regulated environmental policy. The areas of extensive textile production in Europe, such as the Prado region (Italy) and the
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