Bridging Parenting Stress and Child Progress: Evaluating a Parent-Mediated Early Intervention for Autism.

Corrigendum

College Students' Views On Pregnancy Intention And Contraceptive Responsibility

Cognitive readiness to parent, stability and change in postpartum parenting stress and social-emotional problems in early childhood: A second order growth curve model

Mothers and fathers of children and adolescents with Down syndrome experience parenting stress differently: Analysis on associated factors.

This study examined associations between 3 distinct parent factors (parent personal distress, parenting stress, and spina bifida (SB)-specific parenting stress) and youth and parent proxy reports of youth health-related quality of life (HRQOL) over time. Participants were recruited as part of a longitudinal study, and data were collected at 3 time points, spaced 2 years apart. Parents and youth completed questionnaires, and youth completed neuropsychological assessment tasks to determine youth intelligence quotient during home visits. Analyses revealed that higher levels of maternal SB-specific parenting stress were related to lower levels of youth-reported HRQOL at time 1. Other parent factors were not associated with youth report of HRQOL at the earlier time points, although higher levels of maternal SB-specific parenting stress and paternal parenting stress were associated with lower levels of youth HRQOL at time 3. For mothers and fathers, increased parent personal distress, parenting stress, and SB-specific parenting stress were associated with decreased proxy report of youth HRQOL. Of these three parent factors, SB-specific parenting stress was consistently the most strongly associated with parent proxy-report of youth HRQOL. Parenting stress and distress are important targets for interventions, and these interventions may improve youth outcomes, especially as youth age. Future research is needed to identify other factors influencing youth HRQOL over time.

Parental stress interaction with environmental factors in childhood allergic asthma: Early life significance

Brief report: Parenting stress among Chinese and Dutch caregivers of children with autism

The experience of hospitalization of a newborn in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) may become distressing both for the baby and parent. The study aimed to assess the degree of parental stress and coping strategies in parents giving KMC to their babies hospitalized in NICU compared to the control group parents not giving KMC. The prospective observational study enrolled a cohort of 337 parents of premature babies hospitalized in NICU in 2016 in Eastern Poland. The Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations were used. The level of stress in parents giving KMC was defined as low or moderate. Analysis confirmed its greater presence in the group of parents initiating KMC late (2–3 weeks) compared to those starting this initiative in week 1 of a child’s life. An additional predictor of a higher level of stress in parents initiating KMC “late” was the hospital environment of a premature baby. Task oriented coping was the most common coping strategy in the study group. KMC and direct skin-to-skin contact of the parent with the baby was associated with a higher level of parental stress only initially and decreased with time and KMC frequency.

Parental stress may influence adolescents’ food intake and weight development over time, however, it is largely unknown why this is the case. This study examines whether the link between parental stress and adolescents’ snack intake and weight outcome is mediated by food parenting practices (FPPs). Participants included 400 parents and their adolescent children (aged 12–16) who completed questionnaires. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to assess parental general stress levels and the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire (AFPQ) to assess FPPs. Multiple mediation analyses with parallel mediators were performed, with parental general stress as an independent variable and adolescent snack intake and zBMI as dependent variables. FPPs (autonomy support, coercive control, modeling, healthy structure, snack structure) were entered as mediators in the model, adjusted for covariates. Autonomy support mediated the link between parental general stress and adolescent savory snack and sweet snack intake at follow-up. Parents who reported higher stress levels provided less autonomy support, which resulted in more adolescent snacking. None of the other FPPs mediated any link between parental stress and intake or weight outcome, and no significant indirect effects were observed with zBMI as an outcome variable. Further research should replicate this finding and may further examine underlying mechanisms.

To evaluate the association between parenting stress during infancy and child psychosocial adjustment during toddlerhood, within a sample of children with craniofacial anomalies (CFAs). Retrospective chart review. Urban medical center department of reconstructive plastic surgery. Parents of 47 children aged birth to 24 months at time 1 and 24 to 46 months at time 2. Parenting Stress Index/Short Form completed at times 1 and 2; Child Behavior Checklist completed at time 2. Relative to norms, more parents of children with CFAs experienced serious levels of parenting stress at times 1 and 2; however, fewer children with CFAs experienced serious levels of adjustment problems. Parenting stress during infancy predicted psychosocial adjustment in toddlerhood but was mediated by parenting stress in toddlerhood. Parents high on stress at both assessments showed clinical levels of total parenting stress and parent-child dysfunctional interaction when their children were infants; their toddlers showed higher levels of maladjustment than those with parents elevated on parenting stress during only infancy. Elevated levels of parenting stress during infancy may be stable through toddlerhood for families having a child with a CFA. The relation between parenting stress and child adjustment is likely to be reciprocal. These findings should be replicated with a larger sample and multiple informants.

Maternal stress has been identified as an epidemic that has a detrimental effect on work productivity and personal and professional growth. Objectives: To determine maternal stress and its associated factors among working nurses in public sector tertiary care teaching hospitals in Karachi, Sindh. Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was accomplished at Dr. Ruth K.M Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi and Dow University Hospital Karachi. A total of 131 nurses were approached by a convenient non-probability sampling method. The Parental Stress Scale was used for data collection. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 24.0. Chi-square test was applied out to find an association between maternal stress and associated factors. Results: Nurses reported 72 (55%) mild parental stress, 58 (44.3%) parental moderate stress, and 1 (1%) severe parental stress. Nurses belonging to the younger age group, widowed or divorced, had mild parental stress, while nurses who lived with their husbands had lesser moderate stress. Female participants with one child of either gender, whose more family members were earning, had less tendency to have mild parental stress. A statistically significant association was found between working nurses' parental stress level and age group (p-value=0.005). Conclusions: It was concluded that nurses reported mild, moderate, and severe maternal stress. Hence, it is increasingly imperative to create facilities like daycare centers and offer them the flexibility to perform their job effectively

Aim. The aim of this thesis is to understand the parent’s role in pediatric procedural distress and recovery following a burn injury. Understanding how parents influence their child can inform future work to reduce pediatric procedural distress and improve recovery outcomes. Literature Review. Following a pediatric burn injury, the associated wound care procedures can be potentially traumatic events that are often painful and distressing. Children under 6-years-old are particularly at risk of sustaining a burn injury, yet their pain-related procedural distress is also difficult to manage because of their young developmental level. Acute child and parental distress during the first weeks following a burn injury might impact the child’s physical recovery, and the child and parent’s ongoing psychological distress. There is some evidence to indicate that parents influence their child through their own psychological distress, and through parenting behavior. A review of the broader procedural distress empirical and theoretical literature led to the development of a new theoretical model for understanding the relationship between parent and child distress during medical procedures. The review also identified current gaps in the literature regarding current assessment tools and investigating the impact of procedural distress on long-term physical and psychological recovery. Therefore, the studies in this thesis aim to 1) develop and evaluate an appropriate observational assessment tool; 2) test the proposed theoretical model in a sample of parents and young children (1–6-years-old) during pediatric burn wound care; 3) investigate the parent’s influence on their child’s burn wound healing, and; 4) investigate the long-term (6-month) psychological outcomes of children and their parents following distressing burn wound care. Study 1. The Burns-Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale (B-CAMPIS) observational tool included nonverbal codes to assess parent-young child interactions during burn wound care. Parents of 87 children (1–6-years-old) were recruited at their child’s first burn dressing change at the Pegg Leditschke Children’s Burns Centre, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Inter-coder reliability was good to excellent. Convergent and incremental validity was demonstrated through correlations with other previously validated observational parent-child behavior measures, and parent- and nurse-reported measures of the child’s procedural pain and fear. Discriminant validity showed greater variation. The results indicate overall that the B-CAMPIS is a reliable and valid tool for parent-child interactions during burn wound care. Study 2. The proposed theoretical model of the relationship between parent and child distress was tested on 87 families undergoing the child’s first burn dressing change. Parents reported injuryrelated posttraumatic stress symptoms, pre-procedural fear, general anxiety/depression symptoms, and guilt before the first dressing change. Parent-child behavior was observed during the first dressing change. Mediation analyses identified three indirect effects. Parental posttraumatic stress symptoms predicted more child distress, mediated through parental distress-promoting behavior. Parental guilt predicted more child distress, mediated through parental distress-promoting behavior. Parental general anxiety/depression symptoms predicted less child coping, mediated through less parental coping-promoting behavior. The proposed model was updated to reflect that parents with posttraumatic stress affect their child differently compared to parents with anxiety/depression symptoms during pediatric burn wound care. Study 3. Research has established connections between stress and delayed wound healing. A model of the relationship between the child and parents’ stress and re-epithelialization (wound healing) following pediatric burn injury was presented and tested on 83 families of young children (1–6years-old). Time to re-epithelialization was obtained from medical charts. After the effects of injury severity and procedural pain, parental posttraumatic stress symptoms accounted for 5% of the additional variance in time to re-epithelialization. This finding equated to a one posttraumatic stress symptom increase in parents predicting a 1.36 day delay in the child’s re-epithelialization. Potential mechanisms for this finding include genetic influences of stress and changes to parent-child interactions following the burn injury. Study 4. The prevalence of psychological impairment of children and their parents at 6 months post-injury was investigated, and if initial procedural distress influenced these outcomes. Fortythree parents responded to a questionnaire regarding the child’s posttraumatic stress symptoms, behavioral problems, health-related quality of life, and current pain, and the parents’ own posttraumatic stress symptoms, parenting stress, and parenting style. Low levels of impaired functioning were reported. The presence of parental anxiety/depression symptoms at the first dressing change predicted lower child emotional health-related quality of life at 6 months, after controlling for current parenting stress. Secondly, higher procedural pain at the first dressing change predicted more overprotective parenting behavior at 6 months, after controlling for current child behavioral problems. Conclusions. Overall, the findings of the thesis provide compelling evidence that parental acute psychological distress plays an integral role for the child’s 1) experience of wound care, 2) rate of re-epithelialization, and 3) psychological recovery. Beyond the theoretical advances, these findings have implications for the clinical treatment of children undergoing burn dressing changes, and the development of psycho-behavioral interventions to increase support for parents during the acute phase of burn re-epithelialization.

OP030: Parenting stress raising children with sex chromosome aneuploidies: First year of life results from the eXtraordinarY Babies study

Caregiver stress, parenting, and child outcomes among grandfamilies

We aimed to test how deviations in a mother's own parenting stress (PS) levels across her child's transition to adolescence contribute to subsequent changes in her child's internalizing symptom levels. We tested both linear and curvilinear effects, as well as the extent to which a child's perception of his or her mother's attunement alters these links. We further explored whether overall maternal PS levels (relative to the other mothers) further moderate the within-dyad association. These effects were tested in a community sample consisting of 202 mother-child dyads during transition to early adolescence. The dyads were examined within and across six waves, each separated by 6 months. During each wave, the mothers (Mage at baseline = 40.1 years [SD = 6.1]) reported on their PS, while children (Mage at baseline = 10.1 years [SD = .90]) reported on their internalizing symptoms and their perceived maternal attunement. Multilevel within-dyad analyses revealed a U-shaped effect of mothers' PS on concurrent child symptoms, whereas the prospective association was not significant. Maternal attunement moderated the concurrent effects, changing the tipping point at which the concurrent potential benefits of rising PS were outweighed by the potential negative consequences of overburdening the child. Increases in PS prospectively predicted increased symptoms in the child but not when maternal attunement was above the mothers' average level. Global PS levels did not moderate these effects. The results underscore the contribution made by mothers' PS to the emotional trajectories of their children and show that these effects vary as a function of deviations in maternal attunement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).