Abstract
This study evaluated options and obstacles to strengthening food security through breeding a staple crop in a developing country, using the case of quality of bread wheat in Tajikistan as an example. Three wheat varieties and 19 breeding lines were collected from two field trial locations included in the Tajik wheat breeding programme. Grain protein composition as a measure of quality was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Payne scores were calculated in order to predict quality. There was high variation between and high heterogeneity within several lines and varieties in relation to protein composition. Differences between the same varieties/lines at different locations were also observed. The number of grains analysed from each variety/line allowed prediction of quality, and the majority of materials analysed showed high Payne scores. Based on Payne scores and cluster analyses, a group of varieties/lines with high quality was identified as interesting for further breeding. This study demonstrated the importance of improving wheat maintenance breeding and early generation seed production and of developing suitable screening methods for quality to secure food supply in developing countries such as Tajikistan.
Highlights
This study evaluated options and obstacles to strengthening food security through breeding a staple crop in a developing country, using the case of quality of bread wheat in Tajikistan as an example
We investigated the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) composition of Tajik wheat varieties and breeding lines in order to evaluate options for breeding to improve the breadmaking quality of wheat grown in Tajikistan
Among the HMW-GS encoded by Glu-B1, HMW-GS 7+9 was found in all except one of the varieties/lines analysed, while HMW-GS 7+8 was found in 12 of the varieties/lines analysed (Table 2), and these two alleles were present in 62.6 and 22.5 %, respectively, of the seeds analysed (Table 3)
Summary
This study evaluated options and obstacles to strengthening food security through breeding a staple crop in a developing country, using the case of quality of bread wheat in Tajikistan as an example. Food security is one of the main challenges for governments and world leaders and for human populations, not least in developing countries. Together with rice and maize, is one of the major staple crops in the world, primarily as a source of protein for human consumption [3, 4]. The main strategy of the Tajik wheat breeding programme has been to secure sufficient quantity and quality of wheat for people living in the country [8]. Understanding the pathways to success and major drawbacks in breeding programmes for food security in developing countries would help to improve the efficiency of wheat breeding in such countries.
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