Breastfeeding practices in children under 6 months of age: a community based study in urban field practice area of a medical college in central Gujarat, India

Abstract

Background: Early and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is recognized as one of the most effective interventions for child survival particularly to address childhood morbidity and mortality. In spite of the countless benefits, the prevalence of EBF in India, according to the NFHS-3 (2005-2006), at 6 months was only 46.4%. Constraints to EBF are breastfeeding problems, delivery by caesarean section, perceived or real breast milk insufficiency, resumption of official work by the mother, and cultural practices. The objective of the study was to assess current breastfeeding practices of mothers having children less than 6 months of age and to assess the correct positioning, attachment and effective suckling as practiced by these mothers. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was done in urban field practice area of a medical college in Central Gujarat from August 2015 to September 2015. Thirty two mother-infant units were observed for baby’s position, attachment and effective suckling using standard IMNCI guideline. Data thus collected were analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Out of the criteria for correct attachment, only two children fulfilled all 4 criteria which were classified as having ‘good attachment’. The assessment for proper positioning revealed that only around 13% infants fulfilled all 4 criteria for good positioning. Almost half of the infants were suckling effectively . Conclusions: Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that each mother should be observed for mother’s and infant’s positioning and attachment at the onset of breastfeeding and if needed given counselling on correct breastfeeding practices.