Breast complaints and risk of breast cancer. Population-based study of 2,879 self-selected women and long-term follow-up

Abstract

The aim of this study was to provide information about risk of breast cancer (BC) in women with breast complaints undergoing spontaneously clinical examination. The records of 2,879 self-selected symptomatic new patients observed consecutively were reviewed, and the chief breast complaint such as pain, lump and nipple discharge had been recorded. Patients were divided in three groups: Group A, 1,186 (41.2%) patients aged < 41 years; Group B, 809 (28.1%) patients aged 41–55 years; and Group C, 884 (30.7%) patients aged > 55 years. Pain was most common ( P < 0.01) in Group A (60.8%), and lump in Groups B (53.3%) and C (89.7%). A total of 318 (11.0%) women had histologically confirmed BC (Group A = 3.5%, Group B = 30.5%, Group C = 66.0%), accounting for 3.2, 16.4 and 12.0% of patients with pain, lump and nipple discharge, respectively. Breast complaints were equally ( P = NS) distributed between patients with and without BC. The relative risk (RR) of BC developing ranged between 0.5–1.4, 0.5–1.9, and 0.6–3.0 in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. It ranged between 0.3 and 0.7 in patients with breast pain, and was significantly higher (RR = 1.9–3.0) only in patients with breast lump aged > 40 years. In conclusion, in symptomatic patients BC risk is strictly related to age, and independent of the referred symptoms. Therefore, further investigations have to be warranted only when risk factors different from breast complaints are present.