Breaking the Silence: A Sociodemographic and Diagnostic Perspective of Unconsummated Marriages in India

The purpose of this paper has been to examine the age patterns of Indian women at marriage, cohabitation, and first birth. This task is complicated by features of the Indian marriage institution that differentiate it from the institution of marriage in Western cultures. It is also complicated by the diversity of Indian marriage customs and by the possibility that Indian marriage patterns have changed over time. Nevertheless, our analysis of survey data for two districts in south central India support the following conclusions: Marriage and childbearing have been and continue to be universal. The timing of marriage and childbearing, which showed only a small increase over a fairly long period of time, appears more recently to be undergoing some changes in the direction of longer delays. The significant rural-urban differences in marriage and fertility timing are at least partly the result of the greater impact of education on age at marriage, cohabitation, and first birth in urban areas than in rural areas. Observed characteristics such as religion and education explain more variation in women's marriage and fertility timing in urban areas than in rural areas (i.e., education seems to generate new social norms that tend to displace norms derived from tradition. The incidence of childhood marriages and two-stage marriages has been on the decline, causing the small but noticeable rise in age at marriage to exceed somewhat the increase in age at cohabitation. Age patterns of marriage in India do not closely resemble Western patterns, although age patterns of cohabitation and first birth do. And socioeconomic variables appear to explain less variation in marriage and fertility timing within local communities than across communities. Most important, the results highlight the need for more recent and richer data on marriage and fertility behavior in India. In particular, they strongly suggest that marriage patterns in India are now in the midst of major changes. This conclusion is similar to that reached by Caldwell, Reddy, and Caldwell (1983), who adopted a more qualitative approach to analyzing marriage change than ours, but whose observations are also more recent than ours. Through the collection and analysis of more recent and geographically widespread data, we can begin to assess more fully the nature and magnitude of the demographic changes under way and speculate on their implications for population growth, economic development, and the formulation of public policy in India.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Child marriage remains a major barrier to gender equality, human development, and child rights in India despite improvements in the legal and policy environment. This report examines the magnitude, trends, and socio-spatial patterns of child marriage in India using Census 2011 data and evidence from national sample surveys such as NFHS and IHDS. The analysis estimates that nearly 103 million individuals living in India as of 1 March 2011 were married before reaching 18 years of age, of whom 85 million were girls, constituting about 83 percent of all child marriages. While prevalence has declined over time—from 56.8 percent in 1992–93 to about 36.2 percent in 2011–12 among women aged 20–24—progress remains uneven and unacceptably slow. Child marriage is disproportionately concentrated in rural areas and clustered in a limited number of high-burden states and districts, revealing strong geographic and social inequalities. The report highlights that poverty and low female education are key correlates, but cultural norms, patriarchal practices, and safety-related concerns also sustain early marriage even in relatively better-off regions. The findings underscore the need for an integrated strategy combining stronger law enforcement, community engagement, educational and livelihood opportunities for girls, and sustained advocacy to delegitimize child marriage. The report concludes with evidence-based priorities to accelerate elimination efforts and target high-risk populations and hotspots.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for management of Sexual Disorders in Elderly.

Identifying patients with type 2 diabetes with a higher likelihood of erectile dysfunction: the role of the interaction between clinical and psychological factors

Prevalence of erectile dysfunction in primary care setting, Malaysia

PRESIDEN study is a large study to analyze the erectile dysfunction (ED) incidence in Spanish population. The present study is a pilot sub-analysis from PRESIDEN to determine if ED or plasma testosterone (TST) level in controlled hypertensive patients may be associated with comorbidities and/or plasma nitrite+nitrate and antioxidant capacity. Forty-four hypertensive individuals were aleatory selected from PRESIDEN study, matching by age (28 showing ED and 16 without ED). Diabetes was present in 28.57% of ED patients and in 18.75% of patients without ED. In patients with and without ED, increasing age showed tendency of higher frequency of an additional comorbidity (diabetes or dyslipemia) (P = .09). Apparently, plasma TST levels were lower in older ED patients compared to younger patients with and without ED, although it did not reach statistical significance (P = .69). Older ED patients also showed lower TST levels than older patients without ED, although it was not statistical significant (16.15 ± 2.84 vs 13.91± 2.77; P = .69). Dyslipidemia was showed by 52.17% with lower TST (? nmol/L) while 23.80% of patients with plasma TST levels > 15 nmol/L had dyslipidemia. The percentage of ED patients was similar between patients with low and high TST levels. More ED hypertensive patients seem to show two comorbidities (diabetes and dyslipidemia) than hypertensivepatients without ED. Younger patients with ED tended to show more commonly diabetes than older ED patients. Plasma TST levels were not associated with more prevalence of ED but lower plasma TST levels showed tendency to higher prevalence of dyslipidemia.

Marriage, as a social institution, has always been central to Indian society, holding deep cultural, religious, and familial significance. Though practiced in diverse forms, one of its key features is the conjugal union of a man and woman, believed to provide mutual satisfaction of biological, psychological, social, and economic needs. Marriage is also recognized as an institution with legal and moral authority. However, in recent decades, the institution of marriage in India has faced a series of challenges that are reshaping its traditional form and function. These challenges are multifaceted, encompassing socio-economic, cultural, legal, and technological dimensions. Objective: The primary objective of this paper is to critically examine the contemporary challenges confronting the institution of marriage in India. It aims to analyze the influence of changing social norms, shifting gender roles, economic pressures, globalization, and technological innovations on marital practices. Additionally, it seeks to assess the implications of recent trends such as the recognition of live-in relationships, same-sex partnerships, debates on polygamy, and the growing role of digital platforms in matchmaking. Methodology: This research adopts a doctrinal methodology, focusing on a critical examination of constitutional provisions, statutory frameworks, and landmark judicial pronouncements. It also incorporates secondary sources, including books, journal articles, reports, and contemporary surveys, to contextualize these developments. A comparative perspective has been applied to situate India within global trends in marriage and family law. Significance: By combining legal and sociological perspectives, the paper contributes to the understanding of how marriage in India is being reshaped in the twenty-first century. It argues that addressing these challenges through empathetic reforms and constitutional morality can pave the way for a more inclusive and resilient marital framework.

To determine the prevalence of self-reported erectile dysfunction (ED) among urological cases in Turkish men. Between January 2007 and January 2011, the diagnoses of 9780 men over 18 years old that presented to our urology polyclinic were reviewed. The 10 diseases with the highest frequency, the rate of the disease, and the intra-group ranking were determined in 18 to 39, ≥ 40-year-old, and in total. The rate of ED among urological cases was considered to be the self-reported ED prevalence. The findings were evaluated using the population-based (Turkey) ED prevalence found in the literature. Also, the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was evaluated in the Turkish population. This evaluation compared the ED and BPH prevalence. The prevalence of ED (self-reported ED) was 1.9%, 8.2%, and 4.8% in the age groups of 18 to 39, ≥ 40-years, and total, respectively. The intra-group ranking of ED was 8th, 3rd, and 8th in the aforementioned groups, respectively. The most frequent disease was BPH in total and ≥ 40-year-old groups. The ratio of patients with BPH to ED was 6.1 (BPH/ED: 2250/366). The prevalence of ED (self-reported ED) as well as BPH significantly increased with age (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). The prevalence of ED in urological cases is relatively lower than expected. There is a discrepancy between the self-reported ED prevalence in urological cases and population-based ED prevalence.

This article examines the interaction between laws and customs, two means of social control, in relation to marriages in India and their contradictory influence over the beliefs and values of individuals. Effectiveness of legal provisions in securing women rights and incorporating modern concepts of exogamous, love and same-sex marriage in presence of social-institutions like the Khap Panchayat is critically examined.

Erectile Dysfunction

Prevalence and determinants of erectile dysfunction in hemodialysis patients

Bidirectional Relationship Between Depression and Erectile Dysfunction

Prevalence and risk factors of erectile dysfunction in Japanese men with type 2 diabetes

S5 THE PREVALENCE OF SELF-REPORTED ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AMONG UROLOGICAL CASES IN TURKISH MEN

Prevalence and Severity of Erectile Dysfunction in 50 to 75-Year-Old Finnish Men