Abstract
The study deals with the influence of growth regulators on the germination of Judas tree (Cercis siliquastrum L.) seed which is double dormant. We simultaneously tested seeds prepared in the conventional procedure: scarification + stratification and scarified seeds treated with phytohormones from the groups of gibberellins, auxin and cytokinins. The results indicate a positive effect of gibberellic acid (GA), as well as some combinations of this phytohormone with others. Recommendations for practice are to combine the conventional procedure with GA. The procedure may shorten the duration of stratification; the application of GA should follow stratification because the temperature of 4?C does not provide growth regulators activity. The study results can serve as the base for easier generative reproduction of this valuable woody ornamental species which could have a wide use in changed climate conditions.
Highlights
In addition to the more widespread use of growth regulators in the vegetative propagation of ornamental trees and shrubs, which is reflected in the application of auxin for rooting cuttings of various types, as well as, micropropagation, plant growth regulators can be used for troubleshooting in the germination of species that have a dormant embryo or double seed dormancy
Low temperatures during stratification affected the removal of endogenous dormancy of seeds, if low temperatures are combined with phytohormones that showed an inhibitory effect
In Arabidopsis, expression of GA20-oxidase genes, GA20ox1 and GA20ox2, and GA3ox1 was reported to be up-regulated by low temperature in darkness, and germination of GA3ox1 mutant seeds are not stimulated by low temperature (Yamauchi et al, 2004)
Summary
In addition to the more widespread use of growth regulators in the vegetative propagation of ornamental trees and shrubs, which is reflected in the application of auxin for rooting cuttings of various types, as well as, micropropagation, plant growth regulators can be used for troubleshooting in the germination of species that have a dormant embryo or double seed dormancy (embryo + seed coat). Bewley & Black (1985) reported a list of chemicals that have been proven to eliminate seed dormancy It belongs to respiratory inhibitors, oxidants, nitrates, nitrites and growth regulators. Work of Fe rnandez et al (1997) shows strong variations in endogenous GAs during dormancy release in beech seeds (Fagus sylvatica L.) and the capacity of non-dormant seeds to carry out metabolic conversions when labeled GA20 was injected into the seeds. These findings support a dynamic role of GAs in the release of dormancy.
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