Brazilian Nuclear Submarine within the International Control System

This paper makes a study of a miniature solar powered air conditioning system built on shore for the nuclear submarine. When the nuclear submarine is at anchor in shore in summer, the nuclear reactor almost stops working, and the air conditioning system in the nuclear submarine mostly (or entirely) stops running which results in not timely eliminating a mass of waste heat, remaining humidity and both venomous and nocuous gas in closed cabins of the nuclear submarine, meanwhile the cabin environment becomes poor which may cause serious problems. The novel system is used to improve the cabin environment. Considering the meteorological factor of the place where the nuclear submarine stops, the system employs a flat-plate collector array to drive a single-effect LiBr-H2O absorption chiller. The system is provided with a partitioned hot water storage tank, an auxiliary oil-fired boiler, a modular air handling unit, a freshwater-seawater heat exchanger and an automatic control system.

Human reactions to deep-water conditions

The paper sheds light on several episodes in the life of Yuri Nikolayevich Petrov, Candidate of Medical Sciences, navy doctor, radiation hygienist, veteran of the Department of Navy and Radiation Hygiene of S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, the author of dozens of inventions and innovation proposals. Many of navy hygienists in Russia esteem Yu. N. Petrov as their tutor. The principal features of his personality have ever been independence in thought, invariable adherence to principles, exclusive modesty, and outstanding benevolence. His life-long motto is the following phase taken from his autobiographic essay: «In any routine, it is possible and essential to find its interesting aspects and thus make it fascinating. Ever since, the routine turns into pleasure and life becomes wonderful». The highlights of his professional activities include involvement in the liquidation of the consequences of K-8 submarine wreck (13.10.1960), the detection of radioactive cloud after nuclear tests in China (1968), the discovery of a foreign nuclear submarine beneath the aircraft-carrying cruiser Minsk, involvement in radiation control during the first trips of soviet nuclear submarines and in associated studies of internal irradiation in humans, involvement in developing and implementing of systems for environmental radiation control at facilities having terrestrial nuclear reactors, studies of on-board water decontamination, and, after retirement, fifteen years of practice in the sphere of consumer rights protection.

Devices and methods used for radiation monitoring of sea water during salvage and transportation of the Kursk nuclear submarine to dock

A nuclear submarine has significant performance advantages over the conventional dieselelectric submarine. Its powerful nuclear propulsion can be operated independently of air and does not require refueling throughout the 25-year life span. Recent progresses of medium voltage direct current (MVDC) techniques applied in industry push the energy-saving and extremely long-time operation to a new stage with a feasible solution of smaller scale nuclear reactor embedded inside the vessel. Thus, there is a need to investigate the new MVDC-based nuclear submarine power distribution system and its real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) emulation to test the control systems, device stresses, etc. This paper proposes a comprehensive MVDC-based nuclear submarine power distribution system emulated in real-time on a multi-FPGA hardware platform with system-level transients (validated by Matlab/Simulink) at 20 μs time-step and device-level transients (validated by SaberRD) at 400 ns time-step.

A nuclear submarine has significant performance advantages over the conventional dieselelectric submarine. Its powerful nuclear propulsion can be operated independently of air and does not require refueling throughout the 25-year life span. Recent progresses of medium voltage direct current (MVDC) techniques applied in industry push the energy-saving and extremely long-time operation to a new stage with a feasible solution of smaller scale nuclear reactor embedded inside the vessel. Thus, there is a need to investigate the new MVDC-based nuclear submarine power distribution system and its real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) emulation to test the control systems, device stresses, etc. This paper proposes a comprehensive MVDC-based nuclear submarine power distribution system emulated in real-time on a multi-FPGA hardware platform with system-level transients (validated by Matlab/Simulink) at 20 µs time-step and device-level transients (validated by SaberRD) at 400 ns time-step.

Naval Engineers JournalVolume 75, Issue 5 p. 1003-1012 ADVANCED PLANNING TO MEET THE IMPACT OF AUTOMATION IN LARGE SCALE TEST ENVIRONMENTS G. J. KASHUBA, G. J. KASHUBA G. J. KASHUBA is presently on the technical staff at the MITRE Corporation; the command and controls systems consultant to the Electronic Systems Division, USAF Systems Command. He graduated from the U. S. Coast Guard Academy and received his M.S. degree from the University of Connecticut. He has served in line and engineering duties in the USCG. Since leaving active duty, he has participated in the first refueling of NAUTILUS and in several other test programs for nuclear submarines. His work with command and/or control systems includes submarine simulators, depth control systems for Polaris submarines, wind tunnels, weapons systems, anti-missile defense systems and several large support systems. He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (former AIEE), The Association for Computing Machinery, The U. S. Naval Institute and the American Society of Naval Engineers and is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of Connecticut.Search for more papers by this author G. J. KASHUBA, G. J. KASHUBA G. J. KASHUBA is presently on the technical staff at the MITRE Corporation; the command and controls systems consultant to the Electronic Systems Division, USAF Systems Command. He graduated from the U. S. Coast Guard Academy and received his M.S. degree from the University of Connecticut. He has served in line and engineering duties in the USCG. Since leaving active duty, he has participated in the first refueling of NAUTILUS and in several other test programs for nuclear submarines. His work with command and/or control systems includes submarine simulators, depth control systems for Polaris submarines, wind tunnels, weapons systems, anti-missile defense systems and several large support systems. He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (former AIEE), The Association for Computing Machinery, The U. S. Naval Institute and the American Society of Naval Engineers and is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of Connecticut.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1963 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1963.tb04401.x AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume75, Issue5December 1963Pages 1003-1012 RelatedInformation

Summary form only given. In 1998 the Seafloor Characterization and Mapping Pods (SCAMP) were deployed on the US Navy nuclear attack submarine USS HAWKIBILL for unclassified swath mapping and subbottom profiling under the Arctic ice canopy. Data was collected under the SCICEX program. SCAMP consists of a Sidescan Swath Bathymetric Sonar (SSBS) and a High-Resolution Subbottom Profiler (HRSP), and a marine gravity meter that are integrated with a physically compact Data Acquisition and Quality Control System (DAQCS). The transducers for each of the sonars are mounted in purpose built hydrodynamic pods that are temporarily fastened to special purpose threaded weldments along the boat's keel. The inboard electronics for the system are packaged for submarine installation and mounted in the torpedo room. The SSBS is a 12 kiloHertz SeaMARC design adapted for under-ice mapping by adding transmit and receive beam forming and shading to suppress spurious returns from the ice canopy. Transducers are housed in a keel-mounted pod with electronics mounted outside the pressure hull but above the water line when surfaced. Swath image data is produced over a 135 to 140 degree swath centered at nadir while high quality bathymetry covers a 120 degree swath. The HRSP is a Bathy-2000P FM modulated subbottom profiler adapted for submarine installation and operation. It produces high quality subbottom data using an array of 9 DT-109 transducers driven by a 2 kilowatt transmitter. Seafloor penetration in excess of 100 meters with a resolution of 10s of centimeters is common in sediment filled areas of the Arctic basins. Initial at-sea tests on the submarine were conducted out of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The first deployment in the Arctic took place during SCICEX-98 during which more than 30 days of data were collected in the data release area.

In 2003, the work on environmental rehabilitation of the former coastal technical base of the Russian Navy in Gremikha town, with technical and financial support of the State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom” and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission had begun. In 2017, the task of searching, characterization and packaging in transport containers for export to the long-term storage of high-level waste containing 152Eu was set as part of this program. These wastes were presented as fragments of reactor control and safety system rods of first generation nuclear submarine reactors and were placed in temporary storage containers mixed with other radioactive waste and construction garbage on the territory of the Gremikha branch of the North-West Center “SevRAO”. To accomplish the task, the spectrometric system “Gamma-Pioneer” was developed and made at National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”. The system consist of a collimated spectrometric gamma-ray CdZnTe detector 500 mm3 volume, a dosimeter for continuous measurement of ambient equivalent dose rate at the instrument location and a color video camera with zoom lens. The device is placed in a protective frame and installed as an attachment implements on robot Brokk-90. Communication between the measuring system and the control computer is carried out using USB extender and 100 meters cable. The video camera is connected to the control computer via Ethernet. To search for the most active sources of gamma radiation, an equivalent dose rate calculation program using the results of measured instrumental spectra was developed. The characterization of the extracted fragments was carried out by activity evaluation of the main radionuclides polluting the samples under investigation. The paper describes design and operating principles of the system, as well as methods for the equivalent dose rate calculation and the activity evaluation of the fragments of reactor control and safety system rods based on spectral measurements obtained using the developed radiometric system

The tandem propeller system (TPS) for submersible propulsion and control was conceived by the author in 1961. This paper traces its theoretical and experimental development through the most recent tests conducted at Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory. Although the initial configuration was for high-speed nuclear submarines, the emphasis in recent years has been for application to the slower, more maneuverable deep-submergence vehicles. Both configurations are discussed in detail in this paper.

Authors

In 1989 after the wreck of the nuclear submarine "Komsomoletz" in Russia, questions on the safety of the sunken ship, and of possible consequences of an output of dangerous substances in the sea environment, the expediency of carrying out and special operations prevention of pollution with radioactive substances, and the legal status of similar objects, etc. were examined for the first time.

This study introduces the milestones of academician N.A. Semikhatov, an outstanding scientist and designer, who substantially contributed to the creation of our country’s nuclear shield, including ballistic missiles, for the world’s most potent nuclear submarines, Typhoon, are equipped with control systems developed under his leadership. Semikhatov focused on the training of scientific and engineering personnel, headed the department of radio engineering faculty of the Ural Polytechnic Institute for over 20 years, was one of the initiators of the Institute of Machine Science of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where he later worked as a permanent member of the Joint Scientific Council on Mathematics, Mechanics, and Computer Science at the Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, and a member of the Presidium of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Of note, this study was also drafted using the memories of his colleagues, relatives, and friends.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Atmospheric monitoring is one of the most important elements in life support aboard U.S. Navy nuclear submarines. The Central Atmosphere Monitoring Systems have reliably served the U.S. Navy by accurately monitoring life gases and contaminants for nearly 30 years. However, as new knowledge of chemical effects on human health increases, the demand for monitoring additional compounds in these closed environments is also increasing. As a result, expanded capability for detecting trace compounds becomes more important and a next-generation monitoring system is warranted. In addition to improved analytical performance, the trend for submarine operation is to increase the degree of distribution and automation to minimize the resources needed for operation and maintenance. It is therefore desirable to incorporate the monitoring instrumentation into the atmosphere control system to provide real-time feedback and automated control. This paper discusses the concepts that lead to a next-generation submarine atmosphere monitor.</div>