Brain-wide gamma activity during passive listening of rhythmic Quranic recitations in a naturalistic setting under MEG/EEG simultaneous recording

Journal Article Pneumonia, Pericarditis, and Endocarditis in a Child with Corynebacterium xerosis Septicemia Get access A. S. Malik, A. S. Malik Department of Paediatrics and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Alam Sher Malik, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. R. Johari M. R. Johari Department of Paediatrics and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 20, Issue 1, January 1995, Pages 191–192, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.1.191-a Published: 01 January 1995

In VivoEvidence for the Involvement of Dopamine-D2Receptors in Striatum and Anterior Cingulate Gyrus in Major Depression

Action Understanding Requires the Left Inferior Frontal Cortex

Insular cortex: structural and functional neuroanatomy.

Event Abstract Back to Event Evaluation of human amniotic membrane as a scaffold for periodontal tissue engineering: An in vitro study Asrar Elahi1*, Haslina Taib1, Zurairah Berahim1, Azlina Ahmad2 and Suzina S. AbHamid3 1 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Periodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Malaysia 2 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Molecular Biology, School of Dental Sciences, Malaysia 3 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Tissue Bank, School of Medical Sciences, Malaysia Human amniotic membrane (HAM) has many biological properties suitable for periodontal tissue regeneration such as low immunogenicity, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation and rich in extracellular matrix component. It is biocompatible and provides good characteristic for cells attachment and proliferation. It has been used as a scaffold/substrate for periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs)[1], human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)[2], periosteal-derived cell sheet[3] and human dental pulp-derived cells[4. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of this membrane as a scaffold for the growth of the main cells in periodontal regeneration, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs). In this study, commercially available hPDLFs (Lonza, USA) were cultured in α-MEM till passage 6. The hPDLFs (5.0×104 cells) were then seeded on 1 cm2 glycerol preserved HAM (USM Tissue Bank, Malaysia) in 6-well plate at 37°C with 5% CO2. HAM only was used as a control. Proliferation test using alamarBlue® assay was done for the assessment of cell viability and the hPDLFs attachment and proliferation were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis at day 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21. P<0.05 was considered as significant. The proliferation assay showed that hPDLFs viability on HAM had increased significantly compared to control from day 3 to 7 (p=0.003) (Table 1). However, the proliferation of cells on HAM showed significant reduction at day 14 (p=0.002) and day 21 (p=0.005). SEM analysis demonstrated that hPDLFs had attached appropriately on HAM surface at day 1 to day 3 and became overlapping at day 7, while maintaining their flat shape (Fig. 1). Consistent with the reduction of cell activities, some of the cells demonstrated alteration in their morphology and later became rounded at day 14 and 21. This study showed that HAM is able to function well as a scaffold for hPDLFs within 7 days. Retardation of cellular growth later on could be due to possible reason such as density dependent inhibition of growth[5] which may eventually lead to cell death and detachment. In conclusion, the findings suggest that HAM could be a promising scaffold for periodontal regeneration. However, cells’ behaviour in relation to the membrane over longer culture duration requires further investigations. Figure 1 Acknowledgements This research was supported by Universtiti Sains Malaysia Research Universiti Grant (1001/PPSG/812168). Keywords: Regeneration, Tissue Engineering, Tissue Scaffolds, Amniotic membrane, Periodontal Conference: 6th Malaysian Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Scientific Meeting (6th MTERMS) 2016 and 2nd Malaysian Stem Cell Meeting, Seberang Jaya, Penang, Malaysia, 17 Nov - 18 Nov, 2016. Presentation Type: Oral Topic: Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration Citation: Elahi A, Taib H, Berahim Z, Ahmad A and AbHamid SS (2016). Evaluation of human amniotic membrane as a scaffold for periodontal tissue engineering: An in vitro study. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. Conference Abstract: 6th Malaysian Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Scientific Meeting (6th MTERMS) 2016 and 2nd Malaysian Stem Cell Meeting. doi: 10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.02.00021 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 08 Dec 2016; Published Online: 19 Dec 2016. * Correspondence: Dr. Asrar Elahi, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Periodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia, asrarelahi@hotmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Asrar Elahi Haslina Taib Zurairah Berahim Azlina Ahmad Suzina S AbHamid Google Asrar Elahi Haslina Taib Zurairah Berahim Azlina Ahmad Suzina S AbHamid Google Scholar Asrar Elahi Haslina Taib Zurairah Berahim Azlina Ahmad Suzina S AbHamid PubMed Asrar Elahi Haslina Taib Zurairah Berahim Azlina Ahmad Suzina S AbHamid Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Linguistic phrases are tracked in sentences even though there is no one-to-one acoustic phrase marker in the physical signal. This phenomenon suggests an automatic tracking of abstract linguistic structure that is endogenously generated by the brain. However, all studies investigating linguistic tracking compare conditions where either relevant information at linguistic timescales is available, or where this information is absent altogether (e.g., sentences versus word lists during passive listening). It is therefore unclear whether tracking at phrasal timescales is related to the content of language, or rather, results as a consequence of attending to the timescales that happen to match behaviourally relevant information. To investigate this question, we presented participants with sentences and word lists while recording their brain activity with magnetoencephalography (MEG). Participants performed passive, syllable, word, and word-combination tasks corresponding to attending to four different rates: one they would naturally attend to, syllable-rates, word-rates, and phrasal-rates, respectively. We replicated overall findings of stronger phrasal-rate tracking measured with mutual information for sentences compared to word lists across the classical language network. However, in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) we found a task effect suggesting stronger phrasal-rate tracking during the word-combination task independent of the presence of linguistic structure, as well as stronger delta-band connectivity during this task. These results suggest that extracting linguistic information at phrasal rates occurs automatically with or without the presence of an additional task, but also that IFG might be important for temporal integration across various perceptual domains.

Construction and Histopathological Characterization of Multiple Virulent Genes Mutant of V. cholerae: To Understand the Enteropathogenesis of Cholera

The functional anatomy of verbal initiation and suppression using the Hayling Test

ObjectiveBy using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique we assessed brain activation patterns while subjects were viewing the living environments representing natural and urban scenery.Materials and MethodsA total of 28 healthy right-handed subjects underwent an fMRI on a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner. The stimulation paradigm consisted of three times the rest condition and two times the activation condition, each of which lasted for 30 and 120 seconds, respectively. During the activation period, each subject viewed natural and urban scenery, respectively.ResultsThe predominant brain activation areas observed following exposure to natural scenic views in contrast with urban views included the superior and middle frontal gyri, superior parietal gyrus, precuneus, basal ganglia, superior occipital gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and insula. On the other hand, the predominant brain activation areas following exposure to urban scenic views in contrast with natural scenes included the middle and inferior occipital gyri, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, anterior temporal pole, and inferior frontal gyrus.ConclusionOur findings support the idea that the differential functional neuroanatomies for each scenic view are presumably related with subjects' emotional responses to the natural and urban environment, and thus the differential functional neuroanatomy can be utilized as a neural index for the evaluation of friendliness in ecological housing.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article EditorialFull AccessNeural Networks in SchizophreniaJohn G. Csernansky M.D.Will J. Cronenwett M.D.John G. Csernansky M.D.Search for more papers by this authorWill J. Cronenwett M.D.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Aug 2008https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08050700AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail As methods for high-resolution MRI continue to develop, our understanding of changes in brain structure in patients with psychiatric disorders improves. In patients with schizophrenia, decreases in the gray matter volume of a variety of cortical and subcortical brain regions have been repeatedly observed (1) . Two articles in this issue of the Journal add to this literature and go further by strengthening the hypothesis that schizophrenia involves abnormalities in specific cortical-subcortical networks. Ellison-Wright et al. (2) present a meta-analysis of MRI studies that reveals different patterns of structural changes in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. Adapting a technique developed to combine data from functional MRI studies (3) , the authors evaluated group differences in specific brain regions in reference to a three-dimensional coordinate system. The result of this adaptation, called anatomical likelihood estimation, adds to a growing literature on probabilistic approaches to neuroanatomical computation (4) . In patients with first-episode schizophrenia, Ellison-Wright et al. found evidence for decreased gray matter volume in the hippocampus, the caudate nucleus, the thalamus (mediodorsal nucleus), the insula, the anterior cingulate gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the cerebellum. Subcortical changes were similar in patients with chronic schizophrenia, but cortical changes were even more extensive. As Ellison-Wright et al. note, this pattern of abnormality implicates a neural circuit originating with limbic input to the striatum, then the thalamus, and finally to the prefrontal and cingulate cortex ( Figure 1 ). Abnormalities of thalamocortical circuitry have previously been implicated in schizophrenia, particularly in reference to the pathophysiological concept of cognitive dysmetria (5) . Figure 1. Gray Matter Deficits and Thalamocorticostriatal Circuit Dysfunction in Schizophrenia aa The diagram on the left illustrates the circuit pathways. On the right is a diagrammatic representation of thalamocorticostriatal circuits superimposed on regions of gray matter showing signal decrease in both first-episode schizophrenia (yellow) and chronic schizophrenia (red). The thalamus (blue triangle) sends thalamocortical projections to the cortex (blue arrow). Cortical regions project (green arrow) to the caudate (pink circle) and then back to the thalamus (orange arrow). Components of these circuits show anatomical changes in schizophrenia, with the caudate head showing gray matter deficits in first-episode schizophrenia and more widespread cortical changes in chronic schizophrenia. The thalamus shows gray matter deficits in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. Also in this issue, Friedman et al. (6) report on their use of diffusion tensor imaging to examine the pattern of white matter changes in patients with first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. Using fractional anisotropy (FA) to assess the integrity of white matter connections (7) , they found evidence in first-episode patients for decreased connectivity only in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (at the trend level), while chronic patients showed a broader pattern of white matter disturbances ( Figure 2 ). Figure 2. Regions of Fractional Anisotropy (FA) Reductions in Schizophrenia aa Relative to healthy comparison subjects, patients with first-episode schizophrenia showed trend-level FA reductions in the left and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Patients with chronic schizophrenia showed significant FA reductions in the right forceps minor and the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus. ILF=inferior longitudinal fasciculus; GCC=genu of corpus callosum; SCC=splenium of corpus callosum. The results of Friedman’s study, to date the largest to directly examine FA in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia patients, suggest a number of intriguing interpretations. As they note, one explanation may be that pathological white matter abnormalities may be present but too subtle to detect with current imaging methods in first-episode schizophrenia. Alternatively, white matter changes may develop as the disease process of schizophrenia progresses.Taken together, the results of these two studies provide strong support for the hypothesis that schizophrenia involves abnormalities in networks of brain regions. They further suggest that such abnormalities may be progressive in at least some patients. If the “progression” hypothesis is confirmed in future studies, we must redouble our efforts at early and effective intervention for this potentially disabling disorder.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Csernansky, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 446 E. Ontario, Suite 7-200, Chicago, IL 60611; [email protected] (e-mail). Editorial accepted for publication May 2008 (doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08050700).Dr. Csernansky has consulted for Eli Lilly, Sanofi-Aventis, and HoustonPharma. Dr. Freedman has reviewed this editorial and found no evidence of influence from these relationships. Dr. Cronenwett reports no competing interests.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, the study will examine adjustments in brain activity and functional connectivity (FC), providing novel insights for the rehabilitation of swallowing function in stroke patients. Methods: In this study, 11 healthy controls (HCs) and 11 stroke patients were included. The stroke patients underwent a 4-week AOT. To assess the differences in brain region activity between the patients before and after treatment and the HCs, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated based on fMRI data separately. Important brain regions were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for subsequent FC analysis, and finally, comparisons were made to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Results: Comparing stroke patients before treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the inferior temporal gyrus, median cingulate, and paracingulate gyri, and relatively lower in the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle occipital gyrus, and paracentral lobule. The DC values were relatively higher in the cerebellum, middle frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part, middle frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus, and relatively lower in the cuneus and paracentral lobule. The FC between the parahippocampal gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the superior occipital gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. Comparing stroke patients after treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the caudate nucleus, and relatively lower in the cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, and middle temporal gyrus. The DC values were relatively higher in the middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, and relatively lower in the temporal pole: superior temporal gyrus, calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex. The FC between the caudate nucleus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle frontal gyrus, orbital part, and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. There was no significant difference in ReHo values between stroke patients before and after treatment. The DC value in the superior parietal gyrus increased, and the FC in the superior parietal gyrus and precuneus gyrus was also significantly enhanced before and after treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the AOT has a positive effect on enhancing the functional connection and information transmission capabilities of specific brain regions. The impact of this therapy on brain function helps us understand the potential mechanisms of swallowing function network reorganization deeper. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900021849.

Purpose To investigate the activity of default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN) and cerebellar network (CN) in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients undergoing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Methods Fifteen patients were recruited and underwent resting-state fMRI scans. Independent component analysis and paired sample t-tests were used to examine activity changes of DMN, FPN and CN before and after VNS. Results Compared with preoperative patients, DMN exhibited decreased activity in left cuneus/precuneus, left median cingulate gyrus, left superior/middle occipital gyrus, right superior parietal gyrus, right precentral/postcentral gyrus, right rolandic operculum and right insula, while increased activity was observed in right supramarginal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, right supplementary motor area, left amygdala, and right inferior frontal gyrus. FPN displayed decreased activity in left cuneus, left anterior cingulate gyrus, right precentral gyrus, left middle/inferior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, left superior/middle temporal gyrus, left superior/middle occipital gyrus, and right superior parietal gyrus, but increased activity in right inferior temporal gyrus. CN showed decreased activity in left superior/middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, left supplementary motor area, left precuneus, left postcentral gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, and left inferior cerebellum, while increased activity was detected in bilateral superior cerebellum and right fusiform gyrus. Conclusions DMN, FPN and CN exhibited distinct changes in DRE patients following VNS. The suppression or activation of sensorimotor, language, memory and emotion-related regions may represent the underlying neurological mechanisms of VNS. However, the contrasting activity patterns between superior and inferior cerebellum require further investigation.

The neural basis of executive function in working memory: an fMRI study based on individual differences

Discussion about euthanasia is often confused because of a failure to distinguish between deliberate death acceleration and letting nature take its course. There is a need to reiterate the traditional principles upon which the care of the dying should be based, including the need for the doctor to practise medicine in the knowledge that eventually all his patients will die. It follows that a doctor does not have a duty to preserve life at all costs. The care of the patient with far-advanced cancer has improved considerably in many areas as a result of the establishment of hospices and domiciliary support teams. Treating the patient as a person is the key to a successful doctor-patient relationship. An analytical approach is necessary to control pain and other symptoms. Care of the relatives is also fundamental. Voluntary euthanasia and 'assisted suicide' represent an extreme solution to a situation which demands a far more comprehensive and compassionate approach. The need is not for a change in the law but for a change of emphasis in medical education.

Sex and performance level effects on brain activation during a verbal fluency task: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study