Abstract
The increased incidence of motor vehicle accidents during the past century has been associated with a significant increase in brachial plexus injuries. New imaging studies are currently available for the evaluation of brachial plexus injuries. Myelography, CT myelography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are indicated in the evaluation of brachial plexus. Moreover, a series of specialized electrodiagnostic and nerve conduction studies in association with the clinical findings during the neurologic examination can provide information regarding the location of the lesion, the severity of trauma, and expected clinical outcome. Improvements in diagnostic approaches and microsurgical techniques have dramatically changed the prognosis and functional outcome of these types of injuries.
Highlights
Brachial plexus is a complex network of nerves, which is responsible for the innervation of the upper extremity
Sensory neurons remain intact at the level of dorsal root ganglion, which explains why sensory nerve action potentials are preserved in preganglionic lesions
Seventy to seventy-five percent of traumatic brachial plexus injuries are located in the supraclavicular region. 75% of them involve total plexus lesions (C5-T1), C5-C6 root injuries account for 20–25% of traumatic Brachial plexus injuries (BPIs), whereas isolated C8-T1 root lesions account for 2–3.5% of traumatic BPIs
Summary
Brachial plexus is a complex network of nerves, which is responsible for the innervation of the upper extremity. It is formed in the posterior cervical triangle by the union of ventral rami of 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th cervical nerve roots and 1st thoracic nerve root. This composite nerve network can be divided into roots, trunks, divisions, and cords. The names of the cords of brachial plexus imply their relationship to the middle portion of the axillary artery (Figure 3).
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