Abstract
Artery stiffness is an independent marker for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, whether the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) is related to new carotid plaque formation is unresolved. This study aimed to investigate the association between baseline ba-PWV and new carotid plaque formation in a Chinese community-based population without carotid plaques at baseline. This study population consisted of a total of 738 participants from an atherosclerosis cohort in Beijing, China. After a mean 2.3-year follow-up, the incidence of carotid plaques were 21.2% and 36.5% in the groups with ba-PWV < 1,400 cm/s and ≥1,400 cm/s, respectively. Compared with baseline ba-PWV < 1,400 cm/s group, ba-PWV ≥ 1,400 cm/s group was significantly associated with the incidence of new carotid plaque formation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.50–3.03, P < 0.01), even after adjusting for common risk factors (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.02–2.25, P = 0.04). Furthermore, there was a strong relationship between baseline ba-PWV and carotid plaque formation in subjects with ba-PWV < 1,400 cm/s, but no such relationship was found in subjects with baseline ba-PWV ≥ 1,400 cm/s. In conclusion, this study suggests that baseline ba-PWV is independently associated with the risk of carotid plaque formation in a Chinese community-based population.
Highlights
Arterial stiffness and reduction of arterial elasticity have been shown to be involved in the progression of atherosclerotic diseases[1] through the stretch, phasic mechanical stress and shear stress imposed on vessels as well as endothelial dysfunction[2,3]
The percentages of males in the two groups were 18.1% and 33.6% (P < 0.01), respectively. The latter group was associated with a higher level of body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), serum creatinine (SCR), a lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and a higher ratio of, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, anti-hypertensive medication, lipid-lowering medication and anti-diabetic medication
The results of this study showed that the risk of new carotid plaque formation was elevated along with the baseline brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-Pulse wave velocity (PWV)) in subjects whose ba-PWV was less than 1,400 cm/s
Summary
Arterial stiffness and reduction of arterial elasticity have been shown to be involved in the progression of atherosclerotic diseases[1] through the stretch, phasic mechanical stress and shear stress imposed on vessels as well as endothelial dysfunction[2,3]. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the most common method used to evaluate arterial stiffness and an independent marker of the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases[4,5,6]. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), an index combining elastic and muscular peripheral arterial stiffness, is widely useful in cardiovascular outcome predictions[7,8,9,10]. New carotid plaque formation may be a marker of future carotid atherosclerotic disease. Since only a few cross-sectional studies have investigated the relationship between ba-PWV and the incidence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in community-based subjects, cohort studies of this type are still warranted. We hypothesized that ba-PWV was related to new carotid plaque formation, and we aimed to longitudinally assess the relationship between these two factors in a Chinese community-based population with no carotid plaques at baseline
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