Abstract
Initiatives to conserve the world’s threatened flora have developed over the past 40 years as awareness of the damage to ecosystems and species has grown. Botanic gardens have been actively involved in various aspects of plant conservation, helping to develop policy, implement legislation, survey and protect species in the wild and maintain rare and threatened species as living collections or in seed banks. Plant conservation on islands is a particular imperative. Islands generally have rich endemic floras that are increasingly fragile as a consequence of threats of habitat modification and destruction for agriculture, forestry, mineral extraction, tourism; over-exploitation of species; invasive species and increasingly climate change. The work of botanic gardens plays an essential role in the conservation of island floras.
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