Abstract
Borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease with the highest risk of infection in children between 5 and 14 years old. It is defined as an inflammatory multisystemic disease. A distinction is made between the early localized form (erythema migrans), the early generalized form (e.g. neuroborreliosis and lymphocytoma) and later forms (e.g. Lyme arthritis). It is well-known that borreliosis is diagnosed too frequently and one of the main reasons is the relatively high prevalence of anti-Borrelia antibodies in healthy children and adolescents. Erythema migrans is a clinical diagnosis and no further serological investigations are necessary. A clear recommendation for lumbar puncture exists once clinical symptoms of meningitis (with or without facial palsy) occur. In cases with isolated peripheral facial palsy, German expert committees recommend a lumbar puncture but American guidelines do not. This article also summarizes the currently valid recommendations for treatment of borreliosis with an emphasis on the European guidelines.
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