Boole's Late Manuscript ‘On the Nature of Thought’: A Rewriting of the Laws of Thought Without Uninterpretables

This paper studies what can reasonably be regarded as truth-table devices in one of Boole’s late manuscripts as a way of addressing Boole’s relation to modern propositional logic. A careful investigation of the divergences between those table devices and our current conception of truth tables offers an opportunity to reassess the singularity of Boole’s logical system, especially concerning the relation between its linguistic and mathematical aspects. The paper explores Boole’s conception of the compositional structure of symbolic expressions, the genesis of table devices from his method of development into normal forms, and the non-logical origin of the constants 0 and 1 as dual terms. Boole’s system of logic is in this way shown to be chiefly concerned with the problem of the formal interpretability conditions of symbolic expressions, rather than with the truth conditions of logical propositions.KeywordsGeorge BooleTruth tablesPropositional logicInterpretabilityDual algebraBoolean algebraCompositionalitySeries expansionsMethod of developmentMathematics Subject Classification (2010)Primary 03-0303B0503G05; Secondary 01A5503A0500A30

Nowadays there are a few ships built or designed with a small water-plane area (SWA) and low (absolute) speed. Some general methods of such ship development are described with an example of a Chinese-designed research SWA ship. Initially a work definition of slow speed is proposed and then some of the specificities of slow-speed SWA ships are discussed. The main methods of such ship development are: ship type selection; optimal hull structure; high enough tensile steel application; hull structure selection by calculations; measure of viscosity resistance decreasing; and method of motion mitigation. These topics are examined briefly. This paper discusses the initial ship option, estimated characteristics, and two alternative options.

We developed an easy-to-use method to generate computed tomography (CT) images that simulate the images obtained when using an actual scanner. The developed method generates images by simulating the data acquisition and image reconstruction processes of a scanner from a linear attenuation coefficient map of an object numerically generated. This approach is similar to general image simulation methods. However, we introduced adjustable parameters for the CT data acquisition process, for example, parameters related to X-ray attenuation in the anode of the X-ray tube and the bowtie filter. These parameters were optimized in advance by minimizing the difference between the simulated and measured images of a water phantom. To verify the validity of the developed method, a simulated image was generated for a torso phantom and then compared with the measured image of the phantom obtained using the scanner. The simulated and measured images of the torso phantom were in good agreement. The spatial resolution and noise characteristics of these two images were also comparable, further indicating the accuracy of the developed method. In the existing methods, various information/data related to an actual scanner, including difficult-to-acquire ones, were essential for image simulation. In the developed method, instead of determining the difficult-to-acquire information/data, we introduced adjustable parameters. Therefore, the developed method was easier to use than the existing methods.

Data storage systems designed for storing large multidimensional arrays of information, functioning in conditions of destructive influences of an attacker and the environment, are considered. One of the most urgent tasks for such systems is the organization of secure data storage, and taking into account such operating conditions - ensuring their integrity. Ensuring data integrity is a difficult task, due to its complexity, as it includes both recovery and data integrity control. One of the well-known and widely used methods of data integrity control is the use of cryptographic methods, in particular, the hashing function. However, despite the widespread use of hash functions, they have been very little researched, and practical proposals for their use are very few and are characterized by a number of disadvantages associated with the need to introduce a high redundancy of control information. In the context of limitations on the existing resource of data storage systems, this can lead to a decrease in the probability of completing the task of their functioning, or even to its failure. A generalized method is proposed, the use of which will reduce the amount of introduced redundancy when monitoring the integrity of information in data storage systems, based on the use of cryptographic hash functions, a distinctive feature of which is the use of rules for constructing error-resistant codes. In addition, the developed method provides the data integrity control procedure with a new property: the ability to control the integrity of not only the data to be protected, but also the reference hash codes themselves. Calculated data of the required volume of the introduced redundancy are obtained when monitoring the data integrity in existing storage systems using the developed method.

Purpose In this research, novel information integration technology and advances in wireless communication, positioning and machine control systems were combined into a general control method for an improved multi-contractor infrastructure building process. More intense competition and new environmental regulations in the field of infrastructure building are forcing companies to revise and intensify their processes. There is a clear need for tools enabling more efficient process management. In this research, the objective was to find out how to improve process management through more efficient information exploitation. Method We conducted a literature review and interviews with professionals in the field to find out requirements for improvements in process management. Results & Discussion Based on the requirements revealed by the literature and interviews, the developed control method exploits common ontology models to integrate design and construction time process data with the help of advanced communication, positioning, and machine control applications. In addition to construction time process control, the utilization of the developed control method also potentially intensifies operations before and after the project. The developed method for example makes offer requesting, project control and maintenance potentially more efficient and therefore makes processes safer, more cost-efficient, ecoefficient, and greatly helps the product data management. The development of the method is the first step and the results will be verified in a next research phase by practical implementation.

The analysis of water-soluble herbicides, including glyphosate (Glyp), glufosinate (Gluf), paraquat (PQ), and diquat (DQ), is time-consuming and expensive because they cannot be analyzed using general toxicological screening methods. Thus, this study aimed to develop a simple and rapid method to simultaneously analyze these compounds without any derivatization nor ion-pairing reagents. The analytes were separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and detected using tandem mass spectrometry. The developed method was applied to plant and biological samples assuming criminal damage and poisoning cases, respectively. All analytes were separated well and detected with good peak shapes. For plant samples, the herbicides were specifically detected from withered leaves using a simple extraction method. For biological samples, quantitative analysis was successfully validated, and the limit of quantification values of Glyp and Gluf were 0.2µg/mL, and those of PQ and DQ were 1ng/mL. The developed method had sufficient performance for practical forensic applications including poisoning cases and malicious uses to damage commercial crops.

Employing geometrical optics and assuming Lambert reflection, a general method is developed for calculating the diffusely reflected light from a class of surfaces known as quadrics. The analysis is applied to several well-known nondegenerate as well as degenerate quadric surfaces for cases which are considered to be convex or concave with respect to the directions of incident light and observer vectors. For several examples from the convex category, the results are exact and agree with those previously obtained with other methods of development. The effects of shadowing are included for a few concave-surface geometries, but to the extent that diffraction around edges and multiple reflections are omitted, the results are approximate.

In his first novel, The FreeLance Pallbearers (1967), Ishmael Reed introduced several methods of development which would later become parts of a matrix of stylistic devices that he would use throughout his other works; indeed, The FreeLance Pallbearers, a novel whose stylistics were generally ignored by critics, offers more examples of Reed’s general methods than do his other works combined.

Prognostics of slurry pumps based on a moving-average wear degradation index and a general sequential Monte Carlo method

This study was directed at the design of a hybrid algorithm for competition relation extraction. Previous works on relation extraction have relied on various lexical and deep parsing indicators and mostly utilize only the machine learning method. We present a new algorithm integrating machine learning with various filtering methods. Some simple but useful features for competition relation extraction are also introduced, and an optimum feature set is proposed. The goal of this paper was to increase the precision of competition relation extraction by combining supervised learning with various filtering methods. Filtering methods were employed for classifying compete relation occurrence, using distance restriction for the filtering of feature pairs, and classifying whether or not the candidate entity pair is spam. For evaluation, a test set consisting of 2,565 sentences was examined. The proposed method was compared with the rule-based method and general relation extraction method. As a result, the rule-based method achieved positive precision of 0.812 and accuracy of 0.568, while the general relation extraction method achieved 0.612 and 0.563, respectively. The proposed system obtained positive precision of 0.922 and accuracy of 0.713. These results demonstrate that the developed method is effective for competition relation extraction.

Facile preparation of sulfonated covalent triazine frameworks for effectively detection of six carcinogenic aromatic amines in cigarette smoke

Sulfated tungstate: a green catalyst for Strecker reaction

Simultaneous analysis of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins through RP-HPLC/DAD in food supplements and brewer’s yeast

A simple method to determine the water content in organic solvents using the 1H NMR chemical shifts differences between water and solvent

In this paper is proposed a method for assessment of PV panels by a computational method developed of approximation and classification. The assessment of PV panels is made on the large area of imposed condition existing in operation. On the first level of assessment is taking into account the variation of current and voltage on the terminals of PV panels. At the second level is tacked the dust influence on the output power of PV panels. This general method allows the extending of evaluation in a multi-dimensional space, where all the current techniques has a slight accurateness. The developed method is a general one and may be successful applied for all the types of PV panels with the help only on a small amount of data.