Abstract
The contribution of al-Andalus to the history of science and philosophy begins in the Umayyad period, with the influx of books on the “sciences of the ancients”—the scientific and philosophical lore from the Greek tradition, with some Indo-Persian contributions—which came from the Levant or Ifrīqiya. The reception of these sources had a decisive influence on the quality of works written in al-Andalus and shaped the evolution of the history of science and philosophy in Islamic Spain. Rather than occurring by a gradual process, these works were absorbed via a succession of waves, which created four distinct phases in the acculturation of rational knowledge in al-Andalus of the third/ninth and fourth/tenth centuries. The article analyses the phases of this acculturation and assesses the driving forces behind the process: that is, the state’s patronage and the intellectual locales that were active during each of the four phases.
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