Book review: Filtering Populist Claims to Fight Populism: The Italian Case in a Comparative Perspective (Giuseppe Martinico Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 2021)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes Research for this article was supported by the John W. Kluge Center at the Library of Congress in Washington, DC, which granted me a residential fellowship from September 2002 to May 2003. I would like to thank Grigorii V. Golosov for his valuable comments on the earlier drafts of the manuscript. I am also grateful to the anonymous reviewers whose comments allowed me to substantially improve the article. Those errors of fact and interpretation that remain, as well as the views expressed, are entirely mine. Michael Laver makes a distinction between government duration and government durability. The former is an essentially empirical concept, while the latter is essentially theoretical. See Michael Laver, 'Government Termination', Annual Review of Political Science, 6, 1, June 2003, pp. 23 – 40. Investiture is the formal procedure of the parliament's approval of a new government. Kaare Strom, Eric C. Browne, John P. Frendreis & Dennis W. Glieber, 'Contending Models of Cabinet Stability', American Political Science Review, 82, 3, September 1988, pp. 923 – 941. Arend Lijphart, Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries (New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1984), pp. 78 – 85; Paul Warwick, Government Survival in Parliamentary Democracies (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994); see also Alan Siaroff, 'Varieties of Parliamentarianism in the Advanced Industrial Democracies', International Political Science Review, 24, 4, October 2003, pp. 445 – 464. Daniel Diermeier & Peter Van Roozendaal, 'The Duration of Cabinet Formation Processes in Western Multi-Party Democracies', British Journal of Political Science, 28, 4, October 1998, pp. 609 – 626. Jean Blondel, Government Ministers in the Contemporary World (London and Beverly Hills, Sage, 1985), especially pp. 130, 136 – 137. Lawrence C. Dodd, 'The Study of Cabinet Durability: Introduction and Commentary', Comparative Political Studies, 17, 2, July 1984, pp. 155 – 161. Eric C. Browne, John P. Frendreis & Dennis W. Gleiber, 'An "Events" Approach to the Problem of Cabinet Stability', Comparative Political Studies, 17, 2, July 1984, pp. 167 – 197. Paul Warwick & Stephen T. Easton, 'The Cabinet Stability Controversy: New Perspectives on a Classic Problem', American Journal of Political Science, 36, 1, February 1992, pp. 122 – 146; Daniel Diermeier & Antonio Merlo, 'Government Turnover in Parliamentary Democracies', Journal of Economic Theory, 94, 1, September 2000, pp. 46 – 79. For a detailed literature overview see Laver, 'Government Termination'. Kaare Strom, Minority Government and Majority Rule (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990). Gregory M. Luebbert, 'Coalition Theory and Government Formation in Multiparty Democracies', Comparative Politics, 15, 3, April 1983, pp. 235 – 249. William Bernhard & David Leblang, 'Political Parties and Monetary Commitments', International Organization, 56, 4, Fall 2002, pp. 803 – 830. Scott Mainwaring & Matthew Soberg Shugart, 'Juan Linz, Presidentialism, and Democracy: A Critical Appraisal', The Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies, University of Notre Dame, Working Paper No. 200, July 1993. Blondel, Government Ministers in the Contemporary World, pp. 122 – 125. Nelson W. Polsby, 'The Institutionalization of the U.S. House of Representatives', American Political Science Review, 62, 1, March 1968, pp. 144 – 168 at pp. 145 – 146. Peverill Squire, 'Membership Turnover and the Efficient Processing of Legislation', Legislative Studies Quarterly, 23, 1, February 1998, pp. 23 – 32. Morris P. Fiorina, Congress, Keystone of the Washington Establishment (New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 1977). John M. Carey, Frantisek Formanek & Ewa Karpowicz, 'Legislative Autonomy in New Regimes: The Czech and Polish Cases', Legislative Studies Quarterly, 24, 4, November 1999, pp. 569 – 603; Scott Morgenstern & Benito Nacif (eds), Legislative Politics in Latin America (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 415 – 417. Lyn Ragsdale & John J. Theis, 'The Institutionalization of the American Presidency, 1924 – 92', American Journal of Political Science, 41, 4, October 1997, pp. 1280 – 1318 at pp. 1290, 1303. Blondel, Government Ministers in the Contemporary World, pp. 135 – 136. Michael Curtis (gen. ed.), Introduction to Comparative Government (New York, Harper and Row, 1985), pp. 35 – 114 at pp. 82 – 83. R. A. W. Rhodes & Patrick Dunleavy (eds), Prime Minister, Cabinet and Core Executive (Basingstoke, St. Martin's Press, 1995), pp. 11 – 12. Jan-Erik Lane, David McKay & Kenneth Newton (eds), Political Data Handbook OECD Countries (Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 1991). Heikki Paloheimo, Governments in Democratic Capitalist States 1950 – 1983. A Data Handbook (University of Turku, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Studies on Political Science No. 8, 1984). Jaap Woldendorp, Hans Keman & Ian Budge, 'Introduction', European Journal of Political Research, 24, 1, August 1993, pp. 1 – 13. Blondel, Government Ministers in the Contemporary World, p. 82. This method is often used in comparative studies of ministerial duration. See Blondel, Government Ministers in the Contemporary World, pp. 79 – 81. www.systema.ru/ and law.optima.ru/; db.informika.ru:8082/home.htm; www.vcom.ru/law/rf_law_2.shtml; businesspravo.ru/. www.integrum.ru/; www.eastview.com/; www.public.ru/. www.nns.ru/; www.panorama.ru/; www.cityline.ru/politika/; allrus.info; www.rfefl.org and www.friends-partners.org. Laver, 'Government Termination', p. 25. Arend Lijphart, 'Measures of Cabinet Durability: A Conceptual and Empirical Evaluation', Comparative Political Studies, 17, 2, July 1984, pp. 265 – 279; Eric C. Browne, John P. Frendreis & Dennis W. Gleiber, 'The Process of Cabinet Dissolution: An Exponential Model of Duration and Stability in Western Democracies', American Journal of Political Science, 30, 3, August 1986, pp. 628 – 650; Warwick, Government Survival in Parliamentary Democracies. Lijphart, 'Measures of Cabinet Durability'; Carol Mershon, 'The Costs of Coalition: Coalition Theories and Italian Governments', American Political Science Review, 90, 3, September 1996, pp. 534 – 554. Richard Sakwa, Russian Politics and Society (London and New York, Routledge, 1993), p. 79. The cabinet of Mikhail Fradkov is the eleventh cabinet. The official title of the head of the Russian government was and has been the 'Chairman of the Government'. 'Prime minister' is an unofficial title of the chief executive. Jean Blondel & Ferdinand Müller-Rommel (eds), Cabinets in Eastern Europe (Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2001), p. 196. Current Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov is included. Michael Laver & Kenneth A. Shepsle, Making and Breaking Governments (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1996). For a detailed exploration of this argument in a comparative perspective see Blondel, Government Ministers in the Contemporary World, chapter 6. According to the 1993 Constitution, the president appoints and dismisses the cabinet, which is named the 'highest organ of executive power' in Russia. Komsomol'skaya pravda, 13 April 1999. Neil Robinson, 'The Presidency: The Politics of Institutional Chaos', in Neil Robinson (ed.), Institutions and Political Change in Russia (London, Macmillan, 2000), pp. 11 – 40. Blondel, Government Ministers in the Contemporary World, chapter 5. Josephine T. Andrews, When Majorities Fail: The Russian Parliament, 1990 – 1993 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 113 – 123. John P. Willerton, 'Yeltsin and the Russian Presidency', in Stephen White, Alex Pravda & Zvi Gitelman (eds), Developments in Russian and Post-Soviet Politics, 3rd edn. (Durham, Duke University Press, 1994), pp. 25 – 56 at pp. 33 – 39; Thomas F. Remington, The Russian Parliament: Institutional Evolution in a Transitional Regime, 1989 – 1999 (New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 2001), pp. 93 – 98. In October 1991 President El'tsin requested authority to form a government without approval by the parliament. The parliament agreed to give El'tsin powers he requested for a period of one year. The Duma votes on confirmation of the prime minister and on motions of no confidence in the cabinet. If the Duma rejects the president's nominee for the prime minister position three times in a row, the president dissolves the parliament. Terry M. Moe, 'The New Economics of Organization', American Journal of Political Science, 28, 4, November 1984, pp. 739 – 777. Mathew D. McCubbins, 'A Theory of Political Control and Agency Discretion', American Journal of Political Science, 33, 3, August 1989, pp. 588 – 611. Peter Aranson, Ernst Gellhorn & Glen Robinson, 'A Theory of Legislative Delegation', Cornell Law Review, 68, 1, November 1982, pp. 1 – 67; Morris P. Fiorina, 'Group Concentration and the Delegation of Legislative Authority', in Roger G. Noll (ed.), Regulatory Policy and the Social Sciences (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1985), pp. 175 – 196; David Epstein & Sharyn O'Halloran, Delegating Powers: A Transaction Cost Politics Approach to Policy Making Under Separate Powers (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 75 and 85. Iulia Shevchenko, 'Who Cares about Women's Problems? Female Legislators in the 1995 and 1999 Russian State Dumas', Europe-Asia Studies, 54, 8, December 2002, pp. 1201 – 1222. Iulia Shevchenko, The Central Government of Russia: From Gorbachev to Putin (Aldershot, Ashgate, 2004). Such circumstances accounted for the removal of the government of Mikhail Kas'yanov. See Aleksandr Osobtsov, 'Yazyki za kremlevskimi zubtsami', Rossiiskie vesti, 24 – 30 March 2004. President El'tsin as prime minister in 1991 – 92 is excluded. The figure also excludes chairmen of the council of ministers of the autonomous republics located on Russian territory who up to the end of 1993 were central government members ex officio. The current government of Mikhail Fradkov does not include women. Both total and interrupted averages are slightly lowered because the tenure of those seven ministers who continue in office in the Fradkov government is limited to February 2004. Blondel, Government Ministers in the Contemporary World, pp. 86 – 92. Blondel & Müller-Rommel, Cabinets in Eastern Europe, p. 197. According to the 1992 Law on the Government, four so-called power ministers (foreign affairs, defence, security and internal affairs) were to be appointed with the Supreme Soviet's consent. This norm, however, was repealed as soon as the parliament was disbanded. If a dismissed minister is offered another ministry, different from the one he/she previously headed, such a reshuffle is counted as well. Resignations of ministers who then join a new cabinet to continue to head the same ministries are disregarded. Reappointments of ministers who preserved their positions in a new cabinet are disregarded. Gordon M. Hahn, 'From Chernomyrdin to Kirienko', Problems of Post-Communism, 45, 5, September – October 1998, pp. 3 – 16. John D. Huber & Cecilia Martinez-Gallardo, 'Cabinet Instability and the Accumulation of Experience: The French Fourth and Fifth Republics in Comparative Perspective', British Journal of Political Science, 34, 1, January 2004, pp. 27 – 48. Iulia Shevchenko, 'Explaining Electoral Results: 1993 – 1996', in Vladimir Gel'man & Grigorii V. Golosov (eds), Elections in Russia, 1993 – 1996: Analyses, Documents, and Data (Berlin, Edition Sigma, 1999), pp. 200 – 225. Edwin Bacon, 'The Power Ministries', in Neil Robinson (ed.), Institutions and Political Change in Russia (London, Macmillan, 2000), pp. 130 – 150. Nodari Simonia, 'Economic Interests and Political Power in Post-Soviet Russia', in Archie Brown (ed.), Contemporary Russian Politics (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 269 – 285 at pp. 274 – 275. Bacon, 'The Power Ministries'. Eugene Huskey, 'Overcoming the Yeltsin Legacy: Vladimir Putin and Russian Political Reform', in Archie Brown (ed.), Contemporary Russian Politics (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 82 – 96. Up to the establishment of the presidency, the executive branch was altered by the parliament. In 1991 – 93 both president and parliament took part in government reorganisation. Since 1993 the executive branch has been altered by the president. Once appointed, the prime minister submits proposals to the president on the structure of the executive. The notion of 'reorganisation' includes abolition, alteration or a fall in the institutional status which leads to exclusion from the cabinet. See also Blondel, Government Ministers in the Contemporary World, pp. 171 – 172. Interior Minister Rashid Nurgaliev is excluded. There was a short break in Shoigu's ministerial career because from November 1991 to May 1992 his agency was attached to the presidential office rather than being an independent unit of the government. See also Jean Blondel, The Organization of Governments: A Comparative Analysis of Governmental Structures (London and Beverly Hills, Sage, 1982), pp. 146 – 148. The Presidium of the government was abolished in 2000. Eugene Huskey, Presidential Power in Russia (Armonk, NY, M. E. Sharpe, 1999), p. 109. See also Michael McFaul, 'Why Russia's Politics Matter', Foreign Affairs, 74, 1, January – February 1995, pp. 87 – 99. In the last decade of Soviet rule the Soviet government had 11 regular deputies and two first deputies. Article 8 of the law. The appointment of Fradkov as prime minister was not entirely in line with a political tradition because Fradkov was not a cabinet member. However, his post of Russia's envoy to the European Union was assigned ministerial rank. In Fradkov's cabinet Khristenko was appointed minister of industry and energy. In the spring of 2003 Matvienko became presidential envoy to the Northwest federal district and then won the early gubernatorial election in St Petersburg. The numbers of deputy premiers differ from the numbers given at the beginning of the section because some officials were promoted to a deputy premiership more than once. In January 1996 President El'tsin dismissed the agriculture minister and appointed deputy prime minister Aleksandr Zaveryukha acting head in his place. Zaveryukha performed the duties of agriculture minister until May 1996. Shevchenko, The Central Government of Russia. Warwick, Government Survival in Parliamentary Democracies, p. 4. Iulia Shevchenko & Grigorii V. Golosov, 'Legislative Activism of Russian Duma Deputies, 1996 – 1999', Europe-Asia Studies, 53, 2, March 2001, pp. 239 – 261. Carey et al., 'Legislative Autonomy in New Regimes'; Morgenstern & Nacif, Legislative Politics in Latin America, pp. 415 – 419. Ezhenedel'nyi zhurnal, 15 March 2004; Vremya novostei, 10 March 2004.

Books Received

Roosevelt‐Gandhi—Churchill: America and the Last Phase of India's Freedom Struggle by M.S. Venkataramani and B.K. Shrivastava (London: Sangam, 1997, pp.xiv + 412, £17.95 pb). The Politics of Preference: Democratic Institutions and Affirmative Action in the United States and India by Sunita Parikh (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1997, pp.xii + 230, no price given). The Crisis in Kashmir: Portents of War, Hopes of Peace by Sumit Ganguly (New York and Cambridge: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp.xv + 182, £32.50 hb). Hong Kong: An Appointment with China by Steve Tsang (London: I.B. Tauris, 1997, pp.xiii + 274, £10.95 pb). Hong Kong's New Constitutional Order: The Resumption of Chinese Sovereignty and the Basic Law by Yash Ghai (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1997, pp.xiv + 593, $46.20 hb; $40 pb). The Politics of Elections in Southeast Asia edited by R.H. Taylor (New York and Cambridge: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp.250, £37.50 hb, £13.95 pb). Gender: A Caribbean Multi‐Disciplinary Perspective by Eisa Leo‐Rhynie, Barbara Bailey and Christine Barrow (Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers, 1997, pp.358, no price given). The Haunting Past: Politics, Economics and Race in Caribbean Life by Alvin O. Thompson (Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, and Oxford: James Currey Publishers, 1997, pp.xvi + 283, £40 hb; £14.95 pb). State Building and Democracy in South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa by Pierre du Toit (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1995, pp.359, $37.50 hb; $14.95 pb). Bargaining for Peace: South Africa and the National Peace Accord by Peter Gastrow (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1995, pp.163, $19.95 hb; $10.95 pb). Namibia, Revised Edition in the World Bibliographical Series, vol.53, compiled by Stanley Schoeman and Elna Schoeman (Oxford, Santa Barbara, CA, and Denver, CO: ABC‐CLIO Press, 1997, pp.295, £57). Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective by Michael Bratton and Nicholas van de Walle (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp.307, £45 hb; £15.95 pb). Imperialism, Academe and Nationalism: Britain and University Education for Africans, 1860–1960 by Appolos O. Nwauwa (London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1996, pp.272, £36.50 hb). One Big Union: A History of the Australian Workers Union 1886–1994 by Mark Hewn and Harry Knowles (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp.377, £40 pb). Revolutionary Industrial Unionism. The Industrial Workers of the World in Australia by Verity Bergmann (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp.346, £35 pb). Electoral Systems in Divided Societies: The Fiji Constitution Review edited by Brij V. Lal and Peter Larmour (Canberra: National Center for Development Studies, Australian National University, 1997, pp.159 + viii, no price given). Democracy's Victory and Crisis edited by Axel Hadenius (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp.431, £55 hb; £19.95 pb). Democratization edited by David Potter, David Goldblatt, Margaret Kiloh and Paul Lewis (Oxford: Polity Press in association with the Open University, 1997, pp.xii + 550, £49.50 hb; £15.95 pb). Democracy and Dictatorship in Ghana and Tanzania by Robert Pinkney (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997, pp.x + 230, £40 hb). Bicameralism by George Tsebelis and Jeanette Money (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp.250, £40 hb; £14.95 pb).

During the early 1920s, members of Brooklyn's elite Hamilton Club were profoundly interested in the industrial relations policies adopted by businessmen in Worcester, Massachusetts. Somehow they ha...

A few apocalyptic predictions of a post‐communist ‘maelstrom’ notwithstanding,1 the break‐up of the USSR was initially greeted by optimistic assessments of the prospects for democracy in the ‘new R...

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes Blackburn, The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern (London: Verso, 1997); and Blackburn, The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery, 1776–1848 (London: Verso, 1998). Davis, Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006); and Drescher, Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009). On the ‘big-picture’ approach to slavery, see Davis, ‘Looking at Slavery from Broader Perspectives’, in ‘AHR Forum: Crossing Slavery's Boundaries’, American Historical Review 105 (April 2000): 452–66, with comments (467–84) by Peter Kolchin, Rebecca J. Scott, and Stanley L. Engerman. As in any work as sweeping as this one, American Crucible contains inevitable errors of detail. One example: Blackburn states (233) that non-slaveholding whites in the southern United States ‘outnumbered the slave-holders by four to one’. (The ratio varied substantially over space, but overall it increased from about 2 to 1 in 1830 to about 3 to 1 in 1860.) Eric Williams, Capitalism & Slavery (New York: Capricorn Books, 1966 [1944]), 210. For a debate over both parts of the Williams thesis, see inter alia, David Eltis and Stanley L. Engerman, ‘The Importance of Slavery and the Slave Trade to Industrializing Britain’, Journal of Economic History, 60–61 (March 2000), 123–44; Joseph E. Inikori, Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England: A Study in International Trade and Economic Development (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Joseph E. Inikori and Stanley L. Engerman, eds., The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economies, Societies, and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992); Barbara L. Solow and Stanley L. Engerman, eds., British Capitalism and Caribbean Slavery: The Legacy of Eric Williams (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Roger Anstey, The Atlantic Slave Trade and British Abolition, 1760–1810 (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1975); Seymour Drescher, Econocide: British Slavery in the Era of Abolition (Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 1977); David Eltis, Economic Growth and the Ending of the Transatlantic Slave Trade (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987); and Selwyn Carrington, ‘The State of the Debate on the Role of Capitalism in the Ending of the Slave System’, Journal of Caribbean History, 22 (1988), 20–41. Needless to say, this short description simplifies often-complex arguments. See, inter alia, Eugene D. Genovese, The Political Economy of Slavery: Studies in the Economy and Society of the Slave South (New York: Pantheon Books, 1965); Eugene D. Genovese, The World the Slaveholders Made: Two Essays in Interpretation (New York: Pantheon Books, 1969); Eugene D. Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made (New York: Pantheon Books, 1974); Elizabeth Fox-Genovese and Eugene D. Genovese, Fruits of Merchant Capital: Slavery and Bourgeois Property in the Rise and Expansion of Capitalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1983); Eugene D. Genovese and Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Fatal Self-deception: Slaveholding Paternalism in the Old South (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011); Fogel and Engerman, Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery (Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 1974); Fogel, Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989); and James Oakes, The Ruling Race: A History of American Slaveholders (New York: Knopf, 1982). For a good historiographical treatment, see Douglas R. Egerton, ‘Markets Without a Market Revolution: Southern Planters and Capitalism’, Journal of the Early Republic, 16 (Summer 1996), 207–21. For a new collection of essays arguing for the modernity of antebellum southern slavery, see L. Diane Barnes, Brian Schoen, and Frank Towers, eds., The Old South's Modern Worlds: Slavery, Region, and Nation in the Age of Progress (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011). Stanley L. Engerman, ‘Slavery and Emancipation in Comparative Perspective: A Look at Some Recent Debates’, Journal of Economic History, 46 (June 1986), 330; Drescher, Econocide. For the concept of a ‘second slavery’, see Dale Tomich, ‘The “Second Slavery”: Bonded Labor and the Transformation of the Nineteenth-Century World Economy’, in Rethinking the Nineteenth Century: Contradictions and Movements, ed. Francisco O. Ramirez (New York: Greenwood Press, 1988), 103–37; and Anthony E. Kaye, ‘The Second Slavery: Modernity in the Nineteenth-Century South and the Atlantic World’, Journal of Southern History, 75 (August 2000), 627–50. Fox-Genovese and Genovese, ‘The Janus Face of Merchant Capital’, in their Fruits of Merchant Capital, 3–25 (quotation: 5). See David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770–1823 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975), esp. 233–54 (quotation: 233); and Eric Foner, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970). See David Brion Davis, Slavery and Human Progress (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984). Davis, Inhuman Bondage; Drescher, Abolition, 265. The emphasis on class interest is much more pronounced in Davis's earlier volume, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution. Given his debunking of Anglocentrism, it is ironic that Blackburn follows the practice of many British historians in conflating as ‘abolitionists’ both those who sought to abolish the slave trade and those who sought to abolish slavery itself. By such standards, Thomas Jefferson was a full-fledged abolitionist, as were many defenders of slavery in the antebellum South. Davis, Inhuman Bondage, 172, 173; Drescher, Abolition, 180, 174. For sympathetic overviews of the Haitian Revolution, see C.L.R. James, Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution (New York: Random House, 1963); Carolyn E. Fick, The Making of Haiti: The Saint Domingue Revolution from Below (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1990); and Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004). For the argument that Haiti transformed slave resistance from escapist ‘rebellion’ to democratic ‘revolution’, see Eugene D. Genovese, From Rebellion to Revolution: Afro-American Slave Revolts in the Making of the New World (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1979). For recent works on the subsequent impact of the Haitian Revolution, see Alfred N. Hunt, Haiti's Influence on Antebellum America: Slumbering Volcano in the Caribbean (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1988); David P. Geggus, ed., The Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2002); Edward Bartlett Rugemer, The Problem of Emancipation: The Caribbean Roots of the American Civil War (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2008); and Douglas R. Egerton, Death or Liberty: African Americans and Revolutionary America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), esp. 258–70, 276. For the first case, see Donald L. Robinson, Slavery in the Structure of American Politics, 1765–1820 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1979); for the second, with an attendant shift from ‘a paternalistic to a competitive type of race relations’, see Pierre L. Van den Berghe, Race and Racism: A Comparative Perspective (New York: Wiley & Sons, 1967), 85. Full disclosure: Blackburn politely challenges me for making the ‘apparently contrary claim’ (462) when comparing the post-emancipation experiences of former American slaves and Russian serfs. I have addressed this question in a number of articles, and will have more to say about it in a book that I am now writing. Davis, Inhuman Bondage, 3. David Brion Davis, ‘Reflections on Abolitionism and Ideological Hegemony’, in The Antislavery Debate: Capitalism and Abolitionism as a Problem in Historical Interpretation, ed. Thomas Bender (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992), 176. For differing versions of the relationship between antislavery and capitalism, see the other essays – by Davis, Thomas L. Haskell, and John Ashworth – in the Bender collection. Lecky, A History of European Morals: From Augustus to Charlemagne (1876), quoted in Davis, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 453. Davis, Inhuman Bondage, 231, 391. Drescher, Abolition, 229. Additional informationNotes on contributorsPeter KolchinPeter Kolchin is in the Department of History, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, U.S.A.

Book reviews

This essay reviews the following works:A Dynamic Theory of Populism in Power: The Andes in Comparative Perspective. By: Julio F. Carrión. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022. Pp. xi + 269. $26.93 cloth. ISBN: 9780197572290.¿Por qué funciona el populismo? El discurso que sabe construir explicaciones convincentes en un mundo en crisis. By María Esperanza Casullo. Buenos Aires: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 2019. Pp. v + 208. $19.52 paperback. ISBN: 9789876298964.The Chain of Representation: Preferences, Institutions, and Policy across Presidential Systems. By Brian F. Crisp, Olivella Santiago and Guillermo Rosas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. iii + 262. $36.69 paperback. ISBN: 9781108745413.Shifting the Meaning of Democracy: Race, Politics, and Culture in the United States and Brazil. By Jessica Lynn Graham. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2019. Pp. iii + 365. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780520293762.The Inclusionary Turn in Latin American Democracies. Edited by Diana Kapiszewski, Steven Levitsky, and Deborah J. Yashar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. iii + 537. $93.45 cloth. ISBN: 9781108842044.Diminished Parties: Democratic Representation in Contemporary Latin America. Edited by Juan Pablo Luna, Rafael Piñeiro Rodríguez, Fernando Rosenblatt, and Gabriel Vommaro. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. iii + 341. $120.00 cloth. ISBN: 978–1316513187.Democracia para Venezuela: ¿Representativa, participativa o populista? By Margarita López Maya. Caracas: Editorial Alfa, 2021. Pp. 3 + 238. $19.00 paperback. ISBN: 978–8412266566.Checking Presidential Power: Executive Decrees and the Legislative Process in New Democracies. By Valeria Palanza. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. iii + 245. $108.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781108427623.

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Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspectives. Edited by Amitav Acharya and Alastair Iain Johnston. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 330p. 34.99 paper. - Volume 7 Issue 1

Shop Floor Bargaining and the State: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Edited by Steven Tolliday and Jonathan Zeitlin. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985. Pp. vii + 261. $34.50.) - Volume 80 Issue 2

Dirk Hoerder and Jorg Nagler (eds.), People in transit: German migrations in comparative perspective, 1820–1930. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.) Pages xv+433. £40.00. - Volume 14 Issue 2

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook Review People in Transit: German Migrations in Comparative Perspective, 1820–1930. Edited by Dirk Hoerder and Jörg Nagler. Publications of the German Historical Institute. Edited by, Detlev Junker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xv+433. $79.95.Frederick C. LuebkeFrederick C. LuebkeUniversity of Nebraska—Lincoln Search for more articles by this author University of Nebraska—LincolnPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 69, Number 4December 1997 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/245639 Views: 5Total views on this site Permission to reprint a book review printed in this section may be obtained only from the author.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

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Redrafting Constitutions in Democratic Regimes: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives. Edited by Gabriel L. Negretto. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 247p. $110.00 cloth. - Volume 19 Issue 4