Bone Volume Analysis and Associated Influencing Factors in Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis: A Retrospective Analysis

Abstract

BackgroundDistraction osteogenesis is a progressively popular technique for maxillofacial bone reconstruction, but there is a notable gap in the analysis of bone volume within the distraction segment and the exploration of associated influencing factors. PurposeThe purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the new bone volume and the distraction gap volume in the three-dimensional model and explore the influencing factors associated with the percentage of the new bone volume to the distraction gap volume. Study Design, Setting, and SampleThis retrospective study included patients who underwent Maxillofacial distraction osteogenesis (MDO) treatment at the West China Hospital of Stomatology between 2014 and 2022, utilizing the mandibular distractor (Cebei, Ningbo, China). Exclusion criteria encompassed individuals with incomplete clinical or radiographical records as well as those who loss to follow-up. Predictor variablesThe predictor variables were age, sex, diagnosis,consolidation period duration, distraction modality, osteotomy area, distraction gap volume, proximal bone segment volume. Outcome variablesThe outcome variable was osteogenic effect which defined as the percentage of the new bone volume to the distraction gap volume in the 3D model. CovariatesNot applicable. AnalysesT-tests were used to describe categorical variables, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to describe continuous variables. Linear regression was employed to assess the predictiveness of variables for osteogenic effect. Data are described as mean ± standard deviation, statistical significance was established at a p-value < 0.05. ResultsThe study sample contained 35 patients(11 males and 24 females) with a mean age of 21.17 ± 11.82 years (range: 5-47 years) were included. The mean osteogenic effect of all samples was 78.89±24.70 %. Multiple linear regression models confirmed that the osteogenic effect was significantly influenced by the distraction gap volume (P=0.003), proximal bone segment volume (P=0.009), osteotomy area (P=0.034), diagnosis (P=0.004), and distraction modality (P= 0.021). ConclusionThe percentage of new bone mass to simulated volume based on 3D model measurement can serve as an effective quantitative indicator for evaluating the osteogenic effect, our study demonstrates that distraction gap volume, proximal bone segment volume, osteotomy area, diagnosis, and distraction modality can statistically significant influence the osteogenic effect.