Abstract
BackgroundMesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are commonly used in regenerative medicine. Among different tissues, iliac crest bone marrow (BM) represents the most exploited source, but its disadvantages are a painful aspiration procedure and low cell number. An alternative, readily available source of MSC for research would be beneficial for regenerative medicine development. This work aimed to propose a new source of bone marrow isolation in which the femoral shaft is taken during total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsIn preliminary experiments, three different gradient methods for cell separation (Ficoll-Paque 1.078 g/mL, 17% sucrose gradient, BM seeding fraction) were tested with regard to the time of primary culture, initial cell number, the phenotype, and morphology of MSC. Then human bone marrow MSC derived from two different sources, iliac crest aspirate (BM-MSCi) or femoral shaft (BM-MSCt), were analyzed in terms of cell number and colony-forming ability followed by differentiation potential of MSC into osteo-, chondro-, and adipogenic lineages as well as mRNA expression of a variety of cytokines and growth factors.ResultsOur studies showed that MSC isolated from the bone marrow of two different sources and cultured under appropriate conditions had similar characteristics and comparable propensity to differentiate into mesodermal cells. MSC derived from BM-MSCi or BM-MSCt expressed various growth factors. Interestingly, the expression of EGF, FGF, IGF, and PDGF-A was much higher in BM-MSCt than BM-MSCi.ConclusionsThe results of our study demonstrate that human MSC isolated from the BM of the femoral shaft have similar biological characteristics as MSC derived from the iliac crest, suggesting the femoral shaft as a possible alternative source for mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are commonly used in regenerative medicine
The results of our studies demonstrated that bone marrow MSC derived from the femur (BMMSCt) are of high quality, characterized by intensive proliferation rate and differentiation potential to mesodermal lineages comparable with iliac crest (BM-MSCi)
We have shown that bone marrow obtained from the femoral shaft usually discarded after total hip arthroplasty (THA) contained a lot of multipotential Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSC)
Summary
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are commonly used in regenerative medicine. Among different tissues, iliac crest bone marrow (BM) represents the most exploited source, but its disadvantages are a painful aspiration procedure and low cell number. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) can be isolated from many different tissues. Based on lack of definition of proper name for cell type triggers multiple problems, i.e., the same cells with different names; for example, MSCs are defined in multiple ways as mesenchymal stem cells, multipotential stromal cells, and, more recently, medicinal signaling cells [5, 6]. Bone marrow is a very dynamic and diversified microenvironment, colonized with different cell types including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, adipocytes, macrophages, hematopoietic stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells All these cells interact with the soluble factors with autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activity [8, 9]. We propose a novel source of MSC derived from the bone marrow isolated from the femoral shaft obtained during total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgery
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