Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) adipose tissue should no longer be considered simply as a filling material for bone cavities that is not needed for hematopoietic activity. In addition to its potential role as an energy store, BM adipose tissue exhibits a considerable adaptive plasticity and secretes a broad spectrum of hormones, cytokines and growth factors whose receptors are present on different cells of the stromal microenvironment. BM adipocytes, originating like osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells, display a marked metabolic and secretory activity. Among the various secreted adipokines, leptin, and adiponectin have opposite effects on hematopoiesis, immunity, inflammation, and bone remodeling. As a whole, a counterbalance exists between adipogenesis and erythropoiesis, and between adipose and bone formation. The better knowledge of the different paracrine and endocrine agents involved in the subtle and complex regulation of hematopoiesis and its osseous environment suggests that BM adipose tissue may represent a target for drugs in situations such as blood diseases or osteoporosis.
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