Abstract
The audiogram is one of the most powerful tests in health care. It is one of the few that can lead to a diagnosis on its own. Bone-conduction testing gives the audiogram its diagnostic power. Bone-conduction audiometry requires calibration methods that are expensive, cumbersome, and often misunderstood. Because the stimulus is a mechanical vibration, the quantities that are measured (force and acceleration) differ from the sound pressure measurements used to calibrate air-conducted tonal and speech stimuli. This article reviews the history of bone-conduction testing from its Renaissance beginnings, standard and alternative bone-conduction calibration methods, problems in current calibration standards, and the measurement of the performance of wearable and surgical bone-conduction hearing devices.
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