Abstract
Food contamination from natural or anthropogenic sources poses severe risks to health of human and animals. Bone is a metabolically active organ, which can be affected by various toxic substances, such as cadmium (Cd) and diazinon (DZN), leading to disruption in bone metabolic processes. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of simultaneous peroral administration to Cd and DZN on femoral compact bone structure in adult male rats. A total of twenty 1-month-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two experimental groups. In the first group (EG), young males were dosed with a combination of 30 mg CdCl2/L and 40 mg DZN/L in drinking water, for 90 days. Ten 1-month-old males without Cd-DZN intoxication served as a control group (CG). After 90 days of daily peroral exposure, evaluations of femoral bonemacro- and micro-structure were performed in each group. We found no significant differences in body weight, femoral weight, femoral length and cortical bone thickness between both groups (EG and CG). However, rats from the group EG displayed different microstructure in the middle part of the substantia compacta where primary vascular radial bone tissue appeared. In some cases, vascular expansion was so enormous that canals were also present near the periost. On the other hand, they occurred only near endosteal surfaces in rats from the control group. Moreover, a smaller number of primary and secondary osteons was identified in Cd-DZN-exposed rats. This fact signalizes reduced mechanical properties of their bones. Anyway, our results suggest an adaptive response of compact bone tissue to Cd-DZN-induced toxicity in adult male rats in order to prevent osteonecrosis.
Highlights
Most foods contain natural or synthetic chemicals that could represent a toxic hazard for the consumers (Nassredine and Parent-Massin, 2002).Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is widely present in the environment as pollutant (Moulis and Thévenod, 2010)
Weight of femoral bone in rats perorally receiving mixture of Cd and DZN were similar to those from the control group; in our previous study (Martiniaková et al, 2013) we have found that Cd administered in single dose had a positive impact on femoral weight in adult male rats
Our research demonstrates no significant differences in cortical bone thickness between rats co-administered to Cd and DZN, and those of the control group
Summary
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is widely present in the environment as pollutant (Moulis and Thévenod, 2010). It still attracts the attention of researchers and the public because its level in food products often exceeds the maximum allowable limits (Toman et al, 2011). One of the target organs for Cd toxicity is bone (WHO, 1992). The results obtained by Brzóska and Moniuszko-Jakoniuk (2005a) have shown that chronic, even low-level exposure to Cd disturbs bone metabolism during skeletal development and maturity by affecting bone turnover most probably through a direct influence on bone formation and resorption, and indirectly via disorders in Ca metabolism. Besides interfering with Ca, Cd alters the metabolism of other metals essential for bone health, mainly zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu); Noël (et al, 2004)
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