Abstract
This review aims to cover the history and recent developments on cryogenic bolometers for neutrinoless double beta decay (0ν2β) searches. A 0ν2β decay observation would confirm the total lepton charge non-conservation, which is related to a global U(1)LC symmetry. This discovery would also provide essential information on neutrino masses and nature, opening the door to new physics beyond the Standard Model. The bolometric technology shows good prospects for future ton-scale experiments that aim to fully investigate the inverted ordering region of neutrino masses. The big advantage of bolometers is the high energy resolution and the possibility of particle identification, as well as various methods of additional background rejection. The CUORE experiment has proved the feasibility of ton-scale cryogenic experiments, setting the most stringent limit on 130Te 0ν2β decay. Two CUPID demonstrators (CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo) have set the most stringent limits on 82Se and 100Mo isotopes, respectively, with compatibly low exposures. Several experiments are developing new methods to improve the background in the region of interest with bolometric detectors. CUPID and AMoRE experiments aim to cover the inverted hierarchy region, using scintillating bolometers with hundreds of kg of 100Mo. We review all of these efforts here, with a focus on the different types of radioactive background and the measures put in place to mitigate them.
Highlights
Efforts to obtain a more complete model of fundamental forces and elementary particles have been substantially focused on the determination of neutrino properties in the last years
What is the neutrino nature? Which are the neutrino masses and their ordering [1]? even though the Standard Model (SM) successfully describes the known elementary particles and their interactions, it contains an assumption on neutrino properties—these particles are considered massless in the SM—that has not passed the experimental scrutiny
Numerous experiments are focused on the investigation of neutrino properties and, thanks to the achievement of higher technology levels, the discovery potential of these searches will be very high in the decade
Summary
Efforts to obtain a more complete model of fundamental forces and elementary particles have been substantially focused on the determination of neutrino properties in the last years. The results of solar neutrino experiments [2] have shown for decades a significant deficit of the neutrino flux from the sun and a related effect was observed later in the atmospheric neutrino flux. These phenomena were explained by neutrino oscillations, giving strong evidence of physics beyond the SM, as these oscillations—consisting of a periodic interchange between neutrino flavors—can take place only if neutrinos have finite masses. This experiment has a special position among current bolometric projects, since CUORE has first proven the viability of the bolometric technology on such a big scale and paved the way for the generation of cryogenic searches for double beta decay
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