Bluestockings and landscape in eighteenth-century Britain: the prospect of improvement

Previous article FreeIndex to Volume 111: Papers of the Bibliographical Society of AmericaPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreSubject entries, whether topical, personal name, or geographical, are set in small capitals. A chronological approach is provided under chronological references. Geographical entries are made for all articles, notes, and reviews treating a subject that can be localized.abolitionism: Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” 513–45abridgement: Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” 1–30Adams, Brittany, review of Eckhardt and Starza Smith, Manuscript Miscellanies in Early Modern England, 103–106american anti-slavery society: Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” 513–45americas, the: Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” 203–20analytical bibliography: Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” 61–101annotation: Blair, Ann, “The Capacious Bibliographical Practice of Conrad Gessner,” 445–68; Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” 287–315arber, edward: Gadd, Ian, “A Companion to Blayney,” review of Blayney, The Stationers’ Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557, 379–406archives: Ortega, Élika, review of Earhart, Traces of the Old, Uses of the New: The Emergence of Digital Literary Studies, 424–27Armstrong, Lillian, La xilografia nel libro italiano del Quattrocento: un percorso tra gli incunaboli del Seminario Vescovile di Padova, reviewed, 422–23artists’ books: Vincler, John, review of Bury, Artists’ Books: The Book as a Work of Art 1963–2000, 427–31autograph collecting: Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” 203–20ball, charles: Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” 513–45ballads: Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” 317–44Baron, Sabrina Alcorn, review of Bayman, Thomas Dekker and the Culture of Pamphleteering in Early Modern England, 255–56bayerische staatsbibliothek: Wagner, Bettina, “ ‘Duplum Bibliothecae regiae Monacensis’: The Munich Court Library and its Book Auctions in the Nineneteenth Century,” 345–77Bayman, Anna, Thomas Dekker and the Cuture of Pamphleteering in Early Modern England, reviewed, 255–56beaumont, francis: Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” 287–315bibliographical indexes, catalogues, and lists: Dunne, Derek, review of Freeman, Bibliotheca Fictiva: A Collection of Books & Manuscripts Relating to Literary Forgery, 263–67; Gehl, Paul F., review of Reynolds, A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library at Holkham Hall, vol. 1: Manuscripts from Italy to 1500, part 1: Shelfmarks 1–399, 107–9; Vincler, John, review of Bury, Artists’ Books: The Book as a Work of Art 1963–2000, 427–31Bibliographical Society of America 2017 Annual Meeting Minutes, Reports, and Society By-Laws, 549–78“bibliotheca universalis”: Blair, Ann, “The Capacious Bibliographical Practice of Conrad Gessner,” 445–68blagden, cyprian: Gadd, Ian, “A Companion to Blayney,” review of Blayney, The Stationers’ Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557, 379–406Blair, Ann, “The Capacious Bibliographical Practice of Conrad Gessner,” 445–68Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” 61–101; The Stationers’ Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557, reviewed, 379–406bodleian library: Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” 287–315book auctions: Wagner, Bettina, “ ‘Duplum Bibliothecae regiae Monacensis’: The Munich Court Library and its Book Auctions in the Nineneteenth Century,” 345–77book collecting: Samuels Lasner, Mark, “A Collector Reflects on Provenance,” 241–53; Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” 287–315book history: Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” 31–60; Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” 317–44book trade: Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” 61–101; Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” 31–60; Milevski, Robert J., review of Garlock, Canadian Binders’ Tickets and Booksellers’ Labels, 109–116bookbinding: Carmassi, Patrizia, “Through the Hands of Librarians and Booksellers: Examples of Recent Changes in Medieval Manuscripts of German Collections,” 167–84; Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” 185–202; Gatch, Milton McC., “Disappearing Ess/Phillipps Manuscripts,” 143–65; Milevski, Robert J., review of Garlock, Canadian Binders’ Tickets and Booksellers’ Labels, 109–116bookplates: Samuels Lasner, Mark, “A Collector Reflects on Provenance,” 241–53booksellers: Wagner, Bettina, “ ‘Duplum Bibliothecae regiae Monacensis’: The Munich Court Library and its Book Auctions in the Nineneteenth Century,” 345–77bookshops: Wilson, Nicola, review of Osborne, The Rise of the Modernist Bookshop: Books and the Commerce of Culture in the Twenteith Century, 267–70Bourus, Terri, Young Shakespeare’s Young Hamlet, reviewed, 257–63bowers, fredson: Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” 287–315Brewer, David A., review of Loveman, Samuel Pepys and his Books: Reading, Newsgathering, and Sociability, 1660–1703, 415–19Bristow, John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” 221–40brome, alexander: Nicosia, Marissa, “Printing as Revival: Making Playbooks in the 1650s,” 469–89brome, richard: Nicosia, Marissa, “Printing as Revival: Making Playbooks in the 1650s,” 469–89bullen, a. h.: Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” 287–315Burrows, Ian, review of Bourus, Young Shakespeare’s Young Hamlet, 257–63; review of Lesser, Hamlet After Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text, 257–63Bury, Stephen, Artists’ Books: The Book as a Work of Art 1963–2000, reviewed, 427–31butter, nathaniel: Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” 61–101caesar, “commentaries”: Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” 1–30canada: McEvilla, Joshua J., review of Dair, Epistles to the Torontonians, With Articles from Canadian Printer & Publisher, 271–74; Milevski, Robert J., review of Garlock, Canadian Binders’ Tickets and Booksellers’ Labels, 109–116Carmassi, Patrizia, “Through the Hands of Librarians and Booksellers: Examples of Recent Changes in Medieval Manuscripts of German Collections,” 167–84cartwright, william: Nicosia, Marissa, “Printing as Revival: Making Playbooks in the 1650s,” 469–89cataloguing: Blair, Ann, “The Capacious Bibliographical Practice of Conrad Gessner,” 445–68; Carmassi, Patrizia, “Through the Hands of Librarians and Booksellers: Examples of Recent Changes in Medieval Manuscripts of German Collections,” 167–84; Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” 185–202; Gatch, Milton McC., “Disappearing Ess/Phillipps Manuscripts,” 143–65; Wagner, Bettina, “ ‘Duplum Bibliothecae regiae Monacensis’: The Munich Court Library and its Book Auctions in the Nineneteenth Century,” 345–77catesby, mark: Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” 1–30chaucer, geoffrey: Skinner, Julia, review of Kerby-Fulton, Thompson, and Baechle, eds., New Directions in Medieval Manuscript Studies and Reading Practices: Essays in Honor of Derek Pearsall, 120–122cheap repository, the: Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” 317–44chicano/a literature: Noorda, Rachel, review of Martín-Rodríguez, ed., With a Book in Their Hands: Chicano/a Readers and Readerships Across the Centuries, 117–120chisolm, colin: Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, 491–511chronological references:Medieval: Skinner, Julia, review of Kerby-Fulton, Thompson, and Baechle, eds., New Directions in Medieval Manuscript Studies and Reading Practices: Essays in Honor of Derek Pearsall, 120–12215th century: Gehl, Paul, review of La xilografia nel libro italiano del Quattrocento: un percorso tra gli incunaboli del Seminario Vescovile di Padova, Wagner, Bettina, “ ‘Duplum Bibliothecae regiae Monacensis’: The Munich Court Library and its Book Auctions in the Nineneteenth Century,” century: Blair, Ann, “The Capacious Bibliographical Practice of Conrad Gessner,” 445–68; Gadd, Ian, “A Companion to Blayney,” review of Blayney, The Stationers’ Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557, Gehl, Paul F., review of Reynolds, A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library at Holkham Hall, vol. 1: Manuscripts from Italy to 1500, part 1: Shelfmarks 1–399, Brittany, review of Eckhardt and Starza Smith, Manuscript Miscellanies in Early Modern England, Sabrina Alcorn, review of Bayman, Thomas Dekker and the Culture of Pamphleteering in Early Modern England, Ian, review of Bourus, Young Shakespeare’s Young Hamlet, 257–63; review of Lesser, Hamlet After Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text, century: Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” 61–101; David A., review of Loveman, Samuel Pepys and his Books: Reading, Newsgathering, and Sociability, 1660–1703, Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” 185–202; Nicosia, Marissa, “Printing as Revival: Making Playbooks in the 1650s,” review of and Early Modern century: Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” 31–60; Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” century: Ian, review of Lesser, Hamlet After Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text, 257–63; for the The and of Book Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” Wagner, Bettina, “ ‘Duplum Bibliothecae regiae Monacensis’: The Munich Court Library and its Book Auctions in the Nineneteenth Century,” Carmassi, Patrizia, “Through the Hands of Librarians and Booksellers: Examples of Recent Changes in Medieval Manuscripts of German Collections,” 167–84; Gatch, Milton McC., “Disappearing Ess/Phillipps Manuscripts,” century: John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” 185–202; McEvilla, Joshua J., review of Dair, Epistles to the Torontonians, With Articles from Canadian Printer & Publisher, 271–74; Milevski, Robert J., review of Garlock, Canadian Binders’ Tickets and Booksellers’ Labels, Noorda, Rachel, review of Martín-Rodríguez, ed., With a Book in Their Hands: Chicano/a Readers and Readerships Across the Centuries, Vincler, John, review of Bury, Artists’ Books: The Book as a Work of Art 1963–2000, Wilson, Nicola, review of Osborne, The Rise of the Modernist Bookshop: Books and the Commerce of Culture in the Twenteith Century, “ in the of the on the of Provenance,” John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Carmassi, Patrizia, “Through the Hands of Librarians and Booksellers: Examples of Recent Changes in Medieval Manuscripts of German Collections,” Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” 31–60; for the The and of Book Nicosia, Marissa, “Printing as Revival: Making Playbooks in the 1650s,” Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” Ian, review of Lesser, Hamlet After Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text, 257–63; Dunne, Derek, review of Freeman, Bibliotheca Fictiva: A Collection of Books & Manuscripts Relating to Literary Forgery, Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” Gadd, Ian, “A Companion to Blayney,” review of Blayney, The Stationers’ Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557, Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, McEvilla, Joshua J., review of Dair, Epistles to the Torontonians, With Articles from Canadian Printer & Publisher, Epistles to the Torontonians, With Articles from Canadian Printer & Publisher, reviewed, Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” of John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Blair, Ann, “The Capacious Bibliographical Practice of Conrad Gessner,” Sabrina Alcorn, review of Bayman, Thomas Dekker and the Culture of Pamphleteering in Early Modern England, Ortega, Élika, review of Earhart, Traces of the Old, Uses of the New: The Emergence of Digital Literary Studies, review of and Early Modern Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” Brittany, review of Eckhardt and Starza Smith, Manuscript Miscellanies in Early Modern England, Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Nicosia, Marissa, “Printing as Revival: Making Playbooks in the 1650s,” of and Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Derek, review of Freeman, Bibliotheca Fictiva: A Collection of Books & Manuscripts Relating to Literary Forgery, 263–67; review of and Books and Manuscripts from the and Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” alexander: Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Traces of the Old, Uses of the New: The Emergence of Digital Literary Studies, reviewed, and Starza Smith, eds., Manuscript Miscellanies in Early Modern England, reviewed, Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” 61–101; John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Ian, review of Bourus, Young Shakespeare’s Young Hamlet, 257–63; review of Lesser, Hamlet After Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text, 257–63; Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Ortega, Élika, review of Earhart, Traces of the Old, Uses of the New: The Emergence of Digital Literary Studies, Brittany, review of Eckhardt and Starza Smith, Manuscript Miscellanies in Early Modern England, John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” 185–202; Gehl, Paul F., review of Reynolds, A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library at Holkham Hall, vol. 1: Manuscripts from Italy to 1500, part 1: Shelfmarks 1–399, 107–9; Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” 31–60; Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” on the Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, Blair, Ann, “The Capacious Bibliographical Practice of Conrad Gessner,” 445–68; Carmassi, Patrizia, “Through the Hands of Librarians and Booksellers: Examples of Recent Changes in Medieval Manuscripts of German Collections,” 167–84; review of and Early Modern Wagner, Bettina, Bibliothecae regiae Monacensis’: The Munich Court Library and its Book Auctions in the Nineneteenth Century,” Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” of Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” in Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” library: Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Dunne, Derek, review of Freeman, Bibliotheca Fictiva: A Collection of Books & Manuscripts Relating to Literary Forgery, 263–67; Dunne, Derek, review of and Books and Manuscripts from the and 263–67; Samuels Lasner, Mark, “A Collector Reflects on Provenance,” Bibliotheca Fictiva: A Collection of Books & Manuscripts Relating to Literary Forgery, reviewed, Ian, “A Companion to Blayney,” review of Blayney, The Stationers’ Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557, Canadian Binders’ Tickets and Booksellers’ Labels, reviewed, Milton McC., “Disappearing Ess/Phillipps Manuscripts,” Paul F., review of Reynolds, A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library at Holkham Hall, vol. 1: Manuscripts from Italy to 1500, part 1: Shelfmarks 1–399, 107–9; review of La xilografia nel libro italiano del Quattrocento: un percorso tra gli incunaboli del Seminario Vescovile di Padova, Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” review of and Early Modern Blair, Ann, “The Capacious Bibliographical Practice of Conrad Gessner,” books: for the The and of Book alexander: Nicosia, Marissa, “Printing as Revival: Making Playbooks in the 1650s,” Carmassi, Patrizia, “Through the Hands of Librarians and Booksellers: Examples of Recent Changes in Medieval Manuscripts of German Collections,” Ian, review of Bourus, Young Shakespeare’s Young Hamlet, 257–63; review of Lesser, Hamlet After Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text, Ian, review of Bourus, Young Shakespeare’s Young Hamlet, 257–63; review of Lesser, Hamlet After Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text, Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” ed., and Books and Manuscripts from the and reviewed, the Samuels Lasner, Mark, “A Collector Reflects on Provenance,” Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” of the Gadd, Ian, “A Companion to Blayney,” review of Blayney, The Stationers’ Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557, library: Gehl, Paul F., review of Reynolds, A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library at Holkham Hall, vol. 1: Manuscripts from Italy to 1500, part 1: Shelfmarks 1–399, Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, Gehl, Paul, review of La xilografia nel libro italiano del Quattrocento: un percorso tra gli incunaboli del Seminario Vescovile di Padova, Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” 31–60; Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” Gehl, Paul, review of La xilografia nel libro italiano del Quattrocento: un percorso tra gli incunaboli del Seminario Vescovile di Padova, Wagner, Bettina, “ ‘Duplum Bibliothecae regiae Monacensis’: The Munich Court Library and its Book Auctions in the Nineneteenth Century,” william: Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” william: Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” Thompson, and Baechle, eds., New Directions in Medieval Manuscript Studies and Reading Practices: Essays in Honor of Derek Pearsall, reviewed, Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” charles: Ian, review of Lesser, Hamlet After Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text, richard: John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Hamlet After Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text, reviewed, Blair, Ann, “The Capacious Bibliographical Practice of Conrad Gessner,” 445–68; Carmassi, Patrizia, “Through the Hands of Librarians and Booksellers: Examples of Recent Changes in Medieval Manuscripts of German Collections,” 167–84; Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” 185–202; Wagner, Bettina, “ ‘Duplum Bibliothecae regiae Monacensis’: The Munich Court Library and its Book Auctions in the Nineneteenth Century,” for the The and of Book for the The and of Book Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, Sabrina Alcorn, review of Bayman, Thomas Dekker and the Culture of Pamphleteering in Early Modern England, Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” 61–101; David A., review of Loveman, Samuel Pepys and his Books: Reading, Newsgathering, and Sociability, 1660–1703, John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Gadd, Ian, “A Companion to Blayney,” review of Blayney, The Stationers’ Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557, Samuels Lasner, Mark, “A Collector Reflects on Provenance,” Blair, Ann, “The Capacious Bibliographical Practice of Conrad Gessner,” Samuel Pepys and his Books: Reading, Newsgathering, and Sociability, 1660–1703, reviewed, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Brittany, review of Eckhardt and Starza Smith, Manuscript Miscellanies in Early Modern England, John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Carmassi, Patrizia, “Through the Hands of Librarians and Booksellers: Examples of Recent Changes in Medieval Manuscripts of German Collections,” 167–84; Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Gatch, Milton McC., “Disappearing Ess/Phillipps Manuscripts,” 143–65; Gehl, Paul F., review of Reynolds, A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library at Holkham Hall, vol. 1: Manuscripts from Italy to 1500, part 1: Shelfmarks 1–399, 107–9; Skinner, Julia, review of Kerby-Fulton, Thompson, and Baechle, eds., New Directions in Medieval Manuscript Studies and Reading Practices: Essays in Honor of Derek Pearsall, of Samuels Lasner, Mark, “A Collector Reflects on Provenance,” 241–53; Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” M., ed., With a Book in Their Hands: Chicano/a Readers and Readerships Across the Centuries, reviewed, Joshua J., review of Dair, Epistles to the Torontonians, With Articles from Canadian Printer & Publisher, Robert J., review of Garlock, Canadian Binders’ Tickets and Booksellers’ Labels, Brittany, review of Eckhardt and Starza Smith, Manuscript Miscellanies in Early Modern England, Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” Wilson, Nicola, review of Osborne, The Rise of the Modernist Bookshop: Books and the Commerce of Culture in the Twenteith Century, Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” and Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” Nicosia, Marissa, “Printing as Revival: Making Playbooks in the 1650s,” library: Wagner, Bettina, “ ‘Duplum Bibliothecae regiae Monacensis’: The Munich Court Library and its Book Auctions in the Nineneteenth Century,” of a Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” of and the Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” Marissa, “Printing as Revival: Making Playbooks in the 1650s,” Rachel, review of Martín-Rodríguez, ed., With a Book in Their Hands: Chicano/a Readers and Readerships Across the Centuries, Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” Élika, review of Earhart, Traces of the Old, Uses of the New: The Emergence of Digital Literary Studies, ed., The Rise of the Modernist Bookshop: Books and the Commerce of Culture in the Century, reviewed, Sabrina Alcorn, review of Bayman, Thomas Dekker and the Culture of Pamphleteering in Early Modern England, Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” Blair, Ann, “The Capacious Bibliographical Practice of Conrad Gessner,” Skinner, Julia, review of Kerby-Fulton, Thompson, and Baechle, eds., New Directions in Medieval Manuscript Studies and Reading Practices: Essays in Honor of Derek Pearsall, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, Nicosia, Marissa, “Printing as Revival: Making Playbooks in the 1650s,” for the The and of Book Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, Gatch, Milton McC., “Disappearing Ess/Phillipps Manuscripts,” Nicosia, Marissa, “Printing as Revival: Making Playbooks in the 1650s,” for the The and of Book Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” history: Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” 61–101; Gadd, Ian, “A Companion to Blayney,” review of Blayney, The Stationers’ Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557, Gadd, Ian, “A Companion to Blayney,” review of Blayney, The Stationers’ Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557, John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Carmassi, Patrizia, “Through the Hands of Librarians and Booksellers: Examples of Recent Changes in Medieval Manuscripts of German Collections,” 167–84; Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” 185–202; Gatch, Milton McC., “Disappearing Ess/Phillipps Manuscripts,” 143–65; Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” “ in the of the on the of Provenance,” Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” history: Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” 31–60; for the The and of Book Nicosia, Marissa, “Printing as Revival: Making Playbooks in the 1650s,” Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” trade: John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Carmassi, Patrizia, “Through the Hands of Librarians and Booksellers: Examples of Recent Changes in Medieval Manuscripts of German Collections,” 167–84; Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” 185–202; Gatch, Milton McC., “Disappearing Ess/Phillipps Manuscripts,” David A., review of Loveman, Samuel Pepys and his Books: Reading, Newsgathering, and Sociability, 1660–1703, Noorda, Rachel, review of Martín-Rodríguez, ed., With a Book in Their Hands: Chicano/a Readers and Readerships Across the Centuries, Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, “ in the of the on the of Provenance,” Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library at Holkham Hall, vol. 1: Manuscripts from Italy to 1500, part 1: Shelfmarks 1–399, reviewed, a. John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” of Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” Lasner, Mark, “A Collector Reflects on Provenance,” and Early Modern reviewed, Carmassi, Patrizia, “Through the Hands of Librarians and Booksellers: Examples of Recent Changes in Medieval Manuscripts of German Collections,” Jung, Sandro, “Robert Morison’s Collections of Extracts, The General Magazine, and the Reprinting of Illustrations,” william: Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” 61–101; Ian, review of Bourus, Young Shakespeare’s Young Hamlet, 257–63; review of Lesser, Hamlet After Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text, 257–63; Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” Julia, review of Kerby-Fulton, Thompson, and Baechle, eds., New Directions in Medieval Manuscript Studies and Reading Practices: Essays in Honor of Derek Pearsall, Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” in the Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” Peiser, Megan, “Reviews as Database: Reading the Review Periodical in Eighteenth-Century England, Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Samuels Lasner, Mark, “A Collector Reflects on Provenance,” Stoker, David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” 61–101; Gadd, Ian, “A Companion to Blayney,” review of Blayney, The Stationers’ Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557, Gadd, Ian, “A Companion to Blayney,” review of Blayney, The Stationers’ Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557, Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” David, “The Later Years of the Cheap Repository,” Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” Blayney, Peter W. M., “Quadrat Demonstrandum,” review of Vickers, The One “King Lear,” 61–101; McEvilla, Joshua J., review of Dair, Epistles to the Torontonians, With Articles from Canadian Printer & Publisher, Gatch, Milton McC., “Disappearing Ess/Phillipps Manuscripts,” for the The and of Book Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” The One “King Lear,” reviewed, John, review of Bury, Artists’ Books: The Book as a Work of Art 1963–2000, Bettina, “ ‘Duplum Bibliothecae regiae Monacensis’: The Munich Court Library and its Book Auctions in the Nineneteenth Century,” Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Lupić, Ivan, and Brett Greatley-Hirsch, “ ‘What stuff is here?” Edmond Malone and the 1778 Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher,” Suarez, Michael F., S. J., “Hard Cases: Confronting Bibliographical Difficulty in Eighteenth-Century Texts,” and Samuels Lasner, Mark, “A Collector Reflects on Provenance,” John, and Rebecca N. Mitchell, “The Provenance of Oscar Wilde’s ‘Decay of Lying’,” Roy, Michaël, “The Vanishing Slave: Publishing the Narrative of Charles Ball, from Slavery in America (1836) to Fifty Years in Chains (1858),” Nicola, review of Osborne, The Rise of the Modernist Bookshop: Books and the Commerce of Culture in the Twenteith Century, Gehl, Paul, review of La xilografia nel libro italiano del Quattrocento: un percorso tra gli incunaboli del Seminario Vescovile di Padova, Duroselle-Melish, Caroline, “Anatomy of a Pamphlet Collection: From Disbinding to Reuniting,” Crackel, Theodore J., V. Fredrick Rickey, and Joel S. Silverberg, “Provenance Lost? George Washington’s Books and Papers Lost, Found, and (on occasion) Lost Again,” Previous article The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America Volume 2017 for the Bibliographical Society of America 2017 the Bibliographical Society of

268 Max Weber Studies than declarations, legislation, and constitutions. The latter have indeterminate pur chase, and might even constitute ruses to mislead external agencies form the more pedestrian and opaque realities of state power. Each of the case studies is of high quality and refreshingly theoretically engaged (as opposed to empirical and comparative in approach). I will finish with a few criti cal comments, none of which should be taken as a reason not to read the book, which is an important antidote to the swathes of privatization literature, especially that which has resulted from consultancies for development organizations. For all the complexity, subtle continuities, and historical context, it is clear that something novel has been taking place over the past twenty years. This novelty remains underspecified in the book, although there is clearly some assumption about the global consolidation of capitalism. After all, all of the case studies derive from 'transition economies', which have been powerfully hit by neoliberal agendas. And, in many ways, the kinds of processes described in the chapters are not historically alien of capitalist development understood generally or abstractly. Many aspects of the forging of capitalism in Europe—as Adam Smith observed and critiqued—relied on favour, force and criminality, themes that Max Weber was certainly also aware of. The book would have benefited from greater depth in terms of understanding the nature of moments of significant and unstable capitalist consolidation rather than making the less ambitious contradistinction with the highly ideological representa tions of the neoliberals. And, why not include some Western case studies? I would have thought that the United States or the UK post-1989 would have fitted rather nicely into any of the three sections. Graham Harrison University of Sheffield Dror Wahrman, The Making of the Modem Self: Identity and Culture in Eighteenth-Cen tury England (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2004), pp. xvii + 414. ISBN 0-300-10251-8. £25.00 (hbk). John Edward Toews, Becoming Historical: Cultural Reformation and Public Memory in Early Nineteenth-Century Berlin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. xxiv + 466. ISBN 0-521-83648-4. £55.00 (hbk). These two densely written, ambitiously presented, provocatively argued and deeply learned books present cutting edge cultural and intellectual histories of the modern self in both eighteenth-century England, and nineteenth-century Prussia and Berlin. Both are concerned with the way in which one can understand the rise of modern 'selfhood' as both idea and historical reality in the modern period, and both are equally concerned with the interrelationship between the idea of the self and history on the other. Put another way, understanding the development of the modern self historically, and the understanding of the self as a self in history are themes that unite these books that range, nevertheless, over different geographical and chronological time periods, but this unity is what justifies their interest to readers of such a journal as Max Weber Studies. Not only was Weber profoundly interested in the develop ment of the idea of the self as a category, and of the idea of the development of the self as a creature of personality. He was also profoundly influenced, of course, by© Max Weber Studies 2008. Book Reviews 269 developments in English and German history, and these two studies throw impor tant light on both chapters, and provide telling glimpses into those areas that were of such interest to Weber. Where Charles Taylor's Sources of the Self (1990) focused on providing an histori cal philosophy of selfhood, Wahrman sees his project as an historical 'epistemology' of selfhood, and wishes to pursue the argument that in the final decades of the eigh teenth century, a revolution in the concept of selfhood occurred. Ranging widely over the sentimentalist novels and manuals of moral instruction, to comparison with animal psychology and racism, social anthropology, court cases and art historical illustration, alongside the prodigiously important ideas of language acquisition and its impact, Wahrman offers a complex and theoretically sophisticated social history of selfhood and its development in his period. He is keen to show too, as others have, the multiple languages of selfhood apparent in his study, illustrating that not all stadial theorists...

Reviewed by: The Invention of the Oral: Print Commerce and Fugitive Voices in Eighteenth-Century Britain by Paula McDowell Jennifer L. Airey (bio) Paula McDowell. The Invention of the Oral: Print Commerce and Fugitive Voices in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2017. Pp. 353. $45. We are living in a moment of profound cultural change, as the movement from print to online culture has fundamentally shifted the ways in which we access and process information and monetize written content. Set in this context, Paula McDowell’s The Invention of the Oral: Print Commerce and Fugitive Voices in Eighteenth-Century Britain is an especially timely work, one that draws parallels between the developing technologies of the eighteenth century—in this case, the movement from oral to print culture—and our own. It is only in retrospect, McDowell argues, that we can fully understand the implications of such a monstrous cultural shift, but similarities have already emerged between eighteenth-century reactions to technological change and our own: concerns over what is being lost, fears about the democratization of access to content, and uncertainty about how to monetize new modes of information transmission. According to McDowell, the concept of the “oral” came into being in the eighteenth century as an umbrella term for a series of often unrelated concepts. Encapsulating at once beliefs about religious tradition, appropriate gender roles, and social class divides, reactions to the concept of orality in the eighteenth century offer insight into a wide variety of social and cultural attitudes. In drawing connections between the development of [End Page 494] eighteenth-century print culture and the emergence of the digital, McDowell’s book is both important and timely. As a work of scholarship on the eighteenth century, it is a masterful and often enlightening work, offering new interpretations of well-known works by authors such as Defoe, Johnson, and Swift, and engaging with previously understudied voices such as those of the Billingsgate fishwives and John “Orator” Henley. McDowell begins in her first chapter with a nuanced analysis of the concept of oral tradition as it emerged in the eighteenth century. While the word “tradition” is now used in predominantly secular ways, it had important religious resonance in the early modern period. For Catholics, who placed emphasis on the importance of priestly intercession between the individual and God, “the tradition of the church is of equal authority with scripture” (28). For Protestants, by contrast, who privileged Biblical text and the individual’s relationship with God, the concept of tradition was much more fraught. Protestants positioned scripture—and by extension writing—as “the most reliable method of preserving and communicating knowledge” (29). Of particular interest in this chapter is McDowell’s reading of Dryden; prior to his conversion, she argues, Dryden linked orality with the vulgar rabble. As a Catholic, however, he became more supportive of oral tradition, arguing in The Hind and the Panther that the Catholic Church “by Tradition’s force upheld the Truth” (39). The battle between print and oral authority was central to other eighteenth-century debates. English common law, for instance, was composed of many unwritten laws, and thus “seventeenth-century proponents of the Ancient Constitution appealed to the authority of an ancient, unwritten tradition of laws and customs to further their own political goals” (45). Meanwhile antiquarians lamented the loss of oral culture (including lower-class slang, popular ballads, and the oral poetry of the Scottish Highlands) resulting from the growth of print. Not all forms of oral transmission were viewed positively, however; the concept of old wives’ tales, for instance, reflects the disrespect in which women’s speech was consistently held. McDowell turns in chapter 2 to Swift’s treatment of speech in A Tale of a Tub. As a clergyman himself, Swift understood well the importance of dynamic oratory in the pulpit, and he suggested that Dissenters were dangerous precisely because they knew how to perform for largely illiterate audiences. Swift associated the physicality and emotion of the spoken sermon “with popular unrest and gender subversion from below” (67). Daniel Defoe’s A Journal of the Plague Year is the subject of McDowell’s third chapter. As...

Book Review| April 01 1977 Imagining a Self: Autobiography and Novel in Eighteenth-Century England by Patricia Myer Spacks Imagining a Self: Autobiography and Novel in Eighteenth-Century England. By Spacks, Patricia Myer. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976. Pp. 342. $15.00. Lodwick Hartley Lodwick Hartley Raleigh, North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google South Atlantic Quarterly (1977) 76 (2): 258–259. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-76-2-258 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Lodwick Hartley; Imagining a Self: Autobiography and Novel in Eighteenth-Century England by Patricia Myer Spacks. South Atlantic Quarterly 1 April 1977; 76 (2): 258–259. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-76-2-258 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsSouth Atlantic Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1977 by Duke University Press1977 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

‘The conviviality of the narrative premise’ is Steven Earnshaw’s felicitous phrase for the theme that suffuses this book. It is ‘a crawl through the drinking places of English literary history,’ in the company of Chaucer, Langland, Shakespeare, Dekker, Jonson, Pepys, Ned Ward (author of The London Spy), Goldsmith, Gray, Fielding, Cowper, Crabbe, Dickens, Eliot (G.), Hardy, Eliot (T. S.), Coppard, Hampson, Hamilton, Orwell and Amis (M.). It also ‘attempts to weave a pattern out of the strands of “pub”, English literature and England’. It is a labour of love, the product of years of hoarded references and inspired cups and we must be grateful. It will become a standard resort for literary scholars seeking quotable material on pubs (Piers Plowman ‘pissed a pottel in a pater-noster while’), and for anyone who likes to savour ‘the pub moment’ through the medium of print.

Large and sudden migrations occurred at many stages in human history, but the combination of increased longevity, declining fertility rates, and aging of populations have no counterpart. Although much longer in the making—modern urbanization began in the late eighteenth century in England—the degree of global urbanization, which passed the 50% mark only around 2010, is also without historical precedent and has not yet run its course. Because of these changes, today migration is a major driver of demographic change in developed as well as in developing economies. The most dramatic new migrations are responses to changes in economic, social, political, and environmental conditions and are continuously evolving and often rapidly changing. In this chapter, we argue that this type of migration should be a research priority for the next half century.

Introduction: the empire of beauty and the cultural politics of taste 1. 'A wanton kind of chase': gender, commerce and the definition of taste in eighteenth-century Britain 2. 'The art of being pretty': polite taste and the judgement of women 3. 'Such strange unwonted softness': Sir Joshua Reynolds and the painting of beauty 4. 'Her whole power of charming': the moral politics of beauty in the works of Charlotte Lennox and Sarah Scott 5. 'The accomplishment of your long and ardent wishes': beauty, taste and the formation of culture in eighteenth-century Britain.

Reviewed by: Nabobs: Empire and identity in eighteenth-century Britain John W. Mackey Nabobs: Empire and identity in eighteenth-century Britain Tillman W. Nechtman. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. In his 1926 book The Nabobs in England: A study of the returned Anglo-Indian, 1760–1785, historian James M. Holzman suggests that in historical memory, East India Company officials, derisively referred to as nabobs, have “survived only as the victims of glib, and often erroneous, generalization.”1 Holzman further suggests that Nabobs were no better understood in their own time. The seemingly mysterious origins of the nabobs’ fortunes, combined with an atmosphere of political cynicism in the eighteenth century meant that Britons displayed “a readiness to believe anything of the Nabobs, always provided that it was sufficiently lurid.”2 Nearly eighty-five years and numerous historiographical trends later, Tillman W. Nechtman explores the scandal and spectacle surrounding East India Company officials in his 2010 book Nabobs: Empire and Identity in Eighteenth-Century Britain. And while Holzman declared that his rather straightforward task was to understand how nabobs spent their fortunes, Nechtman’s project is a much more ambitious, revisionist history of the subject. By focusing on public perceptions of nabobs in addition to anti-nabob rhetoric among political elites, Nechtman argues that the nabob controversies illustrate the centrality of empire—and India in particular—to the fraught and contested construction of Britishness, as eighteenth-century Britons became aware that “Britain was changing the rest of the world but also that the rest of the world was changing Britain.” (21) As Nechtman’s introduction explains, the term “nabob” is an Anglicized form of the word nawab, which was a title held by regional elites within the Mughal Empire. In Britain, nabob was used as a mocking reference to East India Company officials, some of whom returned home from South Asia with new, and presumably dubious, fortunes. A series of controversies in the eighteenth century, highlighted by the government inquiry into the dealings of Robert Clive, and the nearly ten-year impeachment trial of Warren Hastings, serve as evidence of the uneasy relationship between nabobs and their fellow domestic countrymen. For Nechtman, the nabob controversies represented far more than merely internecine disputes among political elites. Rather, nabobs were viewed with popular suspicion and hostility “because they were themselves the harbingers of a globalized and imperial sense of Britishness as a consequence of the material culture they brought home with them to Britain from South Asia.” (16) The presence of nabobs and their “exotic” accouterments, Nechtman argues, made it impossible for domestic Britons to conceive of their nationhood and identity in isolation from Empire. The book contends that because nabobs were potentially corrupted by the supposed luxury, sloth, superstition, and despotism of India, the presence of nabobs in Britain represented a visible threat to “Britain’s established order—the political securities of the Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights, the religious structures of the established Protestant church, and the sense of national vigor that had fought for an achieved them all.” (91) Nechtman’s study is impressively researched and argued, and the book’s clearly written prose is divided into an introduction, five substantive chapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter examines Indian travel narratives in the context of Enlightenment thinking, establishing the intellectual background to the nabob controversies. In the second chapter, Nechtman discusses imperial taxonomies and the extent to which Britons attempted to create narratives of British and Indian civilization that fit eighteenth-century concepts of stadial theory. The third chapter considers the representation of nabobs within a broader perspective, focusing on the changing nature of Britain’s global empire and its impact on the domestic scene. The fourth chapter, perhaps the most interesting, examines the material objects nabobs brought home, and the impact of this “imperial clutter” on their fellow Britons’ sense of self. Such objects, Nechtman argues, “were, to domestic audiences, unsettling declarations of the imbrication of Britain and India, empire and nation,” and as such, they were “the most solid representations of the larger intellectual problems posed by Britain’s growing prominence as an imperial power.” (146) The fifth chapter continues in this vein, but focuses...

Reviewed by: The Culture of Equity in Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Britain and America by Mark Fortier Tessa Morrison Fortier, Mark, The Culture of Equity in Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Britain and America, Farnham, Ashgate, 2015; hardback; pp. 162; R.R.P. £60.00; ISBN 9781472441867. The present volume continues work begun with the author’s The Culture of Equity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2006). In the earlier study, Mark Fortier considered that England’s social upheavals in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were related to a culture of equity. He gave a range of contemporary examples of equity: taken not just from the major philosophers, theorists, playwrights, and poets of the time, but also from the writings of women, Native Americans, and the Irish, as well as the radical writings of the 1640s and 1650s. In this new study, Fortier perceives that the culture of equity was not limited to the legal sphere but embedded in many aspects of early modern life, such as religion, politics, poetry, and revolution. While ‘equity’ has a singular meaning, it is also a collection of ideas, and Fortier maintains that it is a key element of Western culture and society, its meaning and significance evolving over time. During the Restoration in England, notions of equity – as they appeared in political polemic and religious discourse – were bound up with the law and the justness of God’s rules. Following the upheavals of the 1640s and 1650s, equity became the vocabulary and rhetoric of the Royalist forces. The General Pardon, offered to George Monk by Charles II as part of the Restoration negotiations, was seen as a great liberation from tyranny. However, not all were convinced. Edward Burrough stated ‘God’s purpose is to try him, if he rules in righteousness and truth, in equity and justice, he may be blessed; but if otherwise he govern, and walk not in the reference to the Lord and spare his people: the God of heavens shall rebuke him, and deliver his people another way’ (p. 30). Charles II’s Pardon and equity extended neither to the regicides nor to dissenters and Burrough was imprisoned. Although there was a veneer of equity over the legal system and Parliament, its reach had limits. Similar double standards were also evident in regard to equity and religion in this period. With the plague of 1665 and the Great Fire of 1666, God’s justice and equity became hot topics of discussion: some saw the ultimate [End Page 213] equity as the complete purging of wickedness from the earth, while others considered God’s justice as righteous, reasonable, merciful, and full of equity. Toleration of the individual Christian conscience was an important element of Restoration Equity, the subject of Chapter 1. Toleration of the Quakers and their right to express their religious views was not only explicit in law; it was also implicit in the concept of salus populi (the safety of the people), the highest law and a key concept of contemporary equity and politics. People like the Quakers were peaceful, sober, and righteous and ‘whatever is enacted against them cannot unite with the body of the rule’ (p. 47). The second of the two large chapters, ‘Rights and Revolutions’, considers common equity in the context of the revolutionary atmosphere of the eighteenth century. Fortier presents a comprehensive examination of many key writers, philosophers, and poets on justice and equity, for both America and Britain, from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. Notions of equity in religion and legal justice in the British Revolution and the American War of Independence (1775–83) were strongly invoked by many writers of the period. By contrast, discussions of the slave trade were bereft of notions of justice and equity, providing an interesting parallel to the revolutionaries’ zeal seen in the previous chapter. Attacks on the inequity of the slave trade did appear during the period, but were confined mostly to Britain and show considerable difference in their use of rhetoric, compared with those of the revolutionary discussions of equity. Fortier’s discussion of equity and women shows a similar tendency: contemporary discussions of equity for...

Reviewed by: Eating the Empire: Food and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain by Troy Bickham, and: British Orientalisms, 1759–1835 by James Watt James Mulholland Troy Bickham, Eating the Empire: Food and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain (London: Reaktion Books, 2020); distributed by Univ. of Chicago Press). Pp. 285, 85 halftones. $35 cloth. James Watt, British Orientalisms, 1759–1835 (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2019). Pp. 285. $99.99 cloth. One summer afternoon, while researching in the Manuscripts Room of the British Library, I came across a memorandum book of India's first Governor-General, Warren Hastings. He lived in India since the 1770s and was an enthusiastic sampler of South Asian culture (as well as an orientalist who combined colonial governance with cultural creation). Included among his drafts of poems, notes on weather, and accounts of meetings was a recipe for chicken kebabs—he called it "Kabaub Fowl"—which called for washing the chicken in salted water, rubbing it with "corriander seed, pepper and garlick" and "juice of ginger, chicory, and figs strained through a cloth" before stuffing it with "ghee and cloves" and roasting it over a gentle fire "until it is done, & looks red."1 Delicious, no doubt, and just as likely never prepared by Hastings himself. I thought of Hastings' recipe as I read Troy Bickham's capacious account of food and empire in the eighteenth century. Bickham's reads like a cross-over: a scholarly account that popularizes sharp expertise to knowledgeable non-academic readers. His book feels at times like the synthesis of accounts, among academic and popular writers alike, which tracked commodities and their effect on the globe, including salt (Salt: A World History [2003]), tea (A Thirst for Empire [2017]), sugar (Sweetness and Power [1986]; Sugar and Civilization [2015]), coffee (Uncommon Grounds [1999]), and curry (Curry: Cooks and Conquerors [2006]).2 As with many of these other accounts, Bickham sees in the preparation, consumption, and popular representation of food an image of how empire affected Britons and an indication of empire's extraordinary reach yet often ordinary effects. He describes empire as an "ever-moving umbrella" (10) of nearly incongruous activities, some of which were under British sovereignty but others that were negotiated with others. The middle grounds, translators, and imperial brokers that have become standard metaphors of twenty-first-century studies of empire are evident in how food connected domestic Britons to imperial dominion. Bickham describes the "abundance of choice" and the rituals it created as "a language" (17) that solidified "national and regional identities" (18) in Britain but also acted as a "tool for cultural critiques" (19). Doubleness of experience pervades Eating the Empire, which is also an explanation of how the foreign and exotic was made familiar and domestic. Bickham approaches foodways in the manner of an anthropologist or sociologist—as fundamentally about the interpersonal relationships forged by empire (9). In this way, his book is an elegantly interlocking story, and is extensively illustrated, typically with satirical prints that show commodities' imperial associations, making it an engaging overarching history of food and empire. At its most important, Eating the Empire describes the transformation of empire's goods from "rare luxuries to commonplace staples" across the eighteenth century (28), which necessarily altered diets, changed social practices, and arguably [End Page 556] made the current United Kingdom what it is, with teatime and biscuits but also curries and kebabs, of the type that Hastings encountered centuries ago. During the eighteenth century, consumer choice expanded rapidly, and what was a luxury in the seventeenth century was a staple one hundred years later (56). Then, as now, the rich censured the poor for the ingestion of what was seen as above their station (54), with anxieties about tea or coffee being replaced later with worries over carbonated drinks. Throughout Eating the Empire, Bickham touches on broad changes that are formative for the present: shopping (59–60), credit (61–65), fashion and fashionability (65), social visits and visiting (67), cook books (144), and in turn the evolution of politeness and manners, especially as related to the preparation and consumption of food. Some topics, such as coffee, are familiar to most eighteenth-century studies scholars, while...

List of Illustrations - Acknowledgements - Foreword - The Private Comedy of Thomas Rowlandson - The Public Figure and the Private Eye: William Collins's 'Ode to Evening' - The Public Prospect and the Private View: The Politics of Taste in Eighteenth-Century Britain - 'The Dangerous Goddess': Masculinity, Prestige and the Aesthetic in Early Eighteenth-Century Britain - Visualising the Division of Labour: William Pyne's Microcosm - Imaginary Treason, Imaginary Law: The State Trials of 1794 - The Birth of Pandora and the Origin of Painting - Notes - References - Index

Reviewed by: Knowing Books: The Consciousness of Mediation in Eighteenth-Century Britain by Christina Lupton Melvyn New Christina Lupton. Knowing Books: The Consciousness of Mediation in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania, 2012. Pp. xi + 184. $55. It is difficult to escape the first twentyfive pages of this study, because they raise so many important questions about the work of many eighteenth-century scholars since the turn of the century. Thus, for example, when Ms. Lupton asserts in her first paragraph that literature that “reflects critically on the economic and material production” of itself is the “most typical kind of mid-century writing of all,” we immediately wonder how this datum was arrived at. True, some writers do seem conscious of the fact that the Critical and Monthly reviewers stood ready to slash their works to [End Page 47] pieces, and so tried to disarm bad reviews with self-denigration. Does this differ, however, from writers of prefaces in Dryden’s day telling us they wrote at their leisure and published only at the insistence of friends? Are these not also tropes that reflect on the “economic and material production of literature,” as, indeed, does every dedication written, say, between Dryden’s generation and Pope’s? Ms. Lupton wants to tie this early observation to the ongoing and overcrowded, not to say trendy, discourse about materiality or “thing theory,” which, she observes, replaced the no longer trendy discourse about deconstruction. Both approaches share a desire to downplay (or ignore) the role of consciousness (or genius) in the production of literature. To her credit, she worries, as indeed she should, that these approaches “come across as being the result of our theoretical orientation. The history we recover appears only coincidentally recorded in texts themselves, and not as a phenomenon that was apparent to the writers and readers caught up in its development.” Unfortunately, she is never quite able to dispel this suspicion, despite her attempt to find some distance between herself and materialist readings by means of “mediation theory”—which seems to enable her to embrace two aspects of the books under study rejected by her earlier compatriots: the words on the page and the authorial consciousness that put them there. Thus, she opines, in words that sound familiar enough to a reader of Wimsatt and Warren: “We need to continue to read closely and describe texts that cultivate discursively the impression of understanding their own mediation.” Indeed, her revolution does seem a U-turn: “this book contributes indirectly to the argument that people do in fact control the technologies they use”; and “with close reading … the ability of print to overtake thought can be reclaimed as belonging to the realm of willful human construction and imagination.” The proof of the pudding is in the taste, but that takes us back to Ms. Lupton’s pudding, a collection of selected sentences from several minor authors of the period; to be sure minor (or taste, for that matter) is a term not used in materialist vocabularies, so it is our responsibility, if we are to weigh this book fairly, to have read Charlotte Summers, The Temple Beau, The Anti-Gallican, The Adventures of Captain Greenland, Lydia, and a dozen more longforgotten titles. Short of that, we may quibble by asking, first, how many books of this sort Ms. Lupton read that did not contain the sort of narrative voice she was looking for; and second, how central to the actual book are the quotations provided—that is, are they a sentence or two where a narrator surfaces within an ocean of text interested in other subjects, or are they actually representative of the fiction as a whole? Surely some of her reading failed to produce evidence for her thesis. What were the titles of those forgotten books and did they represent 20% or 49% of her total reading (one assumes at least 51% did contain what she was looking for, although perhaps not quite worthy of “most typical”). These are not, I trust, foolish quibbles, for the essence of this approach is to find within third- and fourth-rate authors sufficient material to discuss how first-rate authors may have been affected by...

Upright PiracyUnderstanding the Lack of Copyright for Journalism in Eighteenth-Century Britain Will Slauter (bio) When and how did written reports of current events—in other words, journalism—become recognized as a form of literary property? In Great Britain, the 1710 Act of Anne provided authors and booksellers with an exclusive right, during a limited period of time, to print, distribute, and sell their books.1 Yet the act made no mention of newspapers or other periodicals, whose status as literary property remained ambiguous well into the nineteenth century. The Literary Copyright Act of 1842 extended protection to “any Encyclopedia, Review, Magazine, Periodical Work, or Work published in a series of Books or Parts,” but disagreement about the legal status of newspapers, not to mention the individual articles they contained, persisted. In the 1830s and 1850s, when the stamp tax on newspapers was lowered and then abolished, the managers of established London dailies feared a flood of cheap papers that would copy news acquired by them at great expense. They lobbied in vain for a special copyright that would prohibit the unauthorized reprinting of news reports for a certain number of hours after initial publication.2 The Copyright Act of 1911 offered explicit protection for newspapers, but by that time copyright was generally understood to cover only the precise language of articles, not the underlying factual details that many publishers now sought to protect.3 Because the Act of Anne did not mention serial publications, and because most court cases and discussions of literary property in the eighteenth century concerned the reprinting of books, it may be tempting to assume that periodical writings simply were not covered by the statute and that writers, publishers, and readers at the time did not view them as literary property in the same way as books.4 Evidence from the register of the Company of Stationers (the official record of copyright during the eighteenth century) and from the periodicals themselves suggests a more complicated story. Rather than simply assuming that contemporaries applied different standards depending upon the material form of publications (bound books versus single [End Page 34] sheets) or the content of those publications (learned treatises versus accounts of recent events), it is necessary to study what they attempted to claim as literary property and how they attempted to do so. In his book Piracy: The Intellectual Property Wars from Gutenberg to Gates, Adrian Johns argues convincingly for a broader history of piracy that considers the evolution of moral codes and cultural practices as well as developments in legislation and case law. Johns shows that complaints about piracy predated modern copyright laws, but also that the kinds of activity denounced as piracy have changed over time.5 In the case of eighteenth-century journalism, evidence for contemporary interest in the problem of piracy appears not so much in the formal discussions of literary property usually studied by copyright scholars (petitions to Parliament, court cases, and pamphlets) as in the occasional comments of writers, printers, booksellers, and readers. Such comments tend to be more frequent and more elaborate during periods of increased competition, whether caused by changes in legislation or innovations in publishing practice. This article highlights two such periods: the 1710s, a period of intense competition among the publishers of weekly essay sheets, and the 1730s, when the appearance of monthly magazines led to the first sustained discussion of whether periodical writings could constitute a form of literary property. The debate in the 1730s did not lead to any new legislation, but it did inspire changes in publishing strategy. Moreover, the fact that support for a copyright in journalistic texts was so limited for the rest of the eighteenth century demands explanation. At a time when literary property was the subject of numerous court battles and sustained debate in the press, why did so few people openly discuss a potential copyright in newspaper and magazine writings? What about these writings disqualified them from literary property in eighteenth-century Britain? In order to better understand the ambiguous status of periodical writings under the Act of Anne, it is important to consider the extent to which this act differed from previous regulations and the...

Reviewed by: The Enlightenment and the Book: Scottish Authors and Their Publishers in Eighteenth-Century Britain, Ireland, and America Nicole Howard (bio) The Enlightenment and the Book: Scottish Authors and Their Publishers in Eighteenth-Century Britain, Ireland, and America. By Richard B. Sher . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007 Pp. xxvi+815. $40. Richard Sher's work is an impressive and detailed examination of Scottish Enlightenment publishers that reveals just how robust book history can be when the bibliographic details are tethered to a broader historical picture. Sher focuses on publishing activities between 1746 and 1800 in Edinburgh and London, as well as on the business of reprinting Enlightenment works in Dublin and Philadelphia. His broader aim is to address the "negotiated, collaborative and often contested activity" of book publishing during the Enlightenment in a way that avoids generalizations by being solidly rooted in empirical evidence. This means extensive analysis of tables he has compiled, including one that lists 360 works of the Scottish Enlightenment along with bibliographic information and publishing details for the first British, Irish, and American editions. The data he has culled from these books allow Sher to consider the way in which the "publisher function" (akin to Michel Foucault's "author function") served the development and expansion of the Scottish Enlightenment. The first third of The Enlightenment and the Book treats the nature of authorship in Scotland. Sher describes the way many authors worked with—and were fashioned by—their patron-like publishers, who not only determined what was printed, but also how it appeared, from the format (quarto or octavo) to the length to the binding. Especially interesting here is the wide array of arrangements publishers were willing to make with authors. Some authors were able to sell the rights to their work in advance, while others—such as Robert Burns—were sold on subscription. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations was initially published based on a profit-sharing arrangement with the powerful London publishing house of Andrew Strahan and Thomas [End Page 263] Cadell, while James Boswell self-published his Life of Johnson. Sher convincingly shows how an array of creative contracts fostered an author-friendly environment that stimulated Enlightenment publishing and left both author and publisher on a solid financial footing. In part 2, Sher turns from authors to publishers, and here his aim is twofold. First, he wants to dispel any notion that Scottish Enlightenment publishers were all alike. He does so by examining no fewer than twelve publishers in Edinburgh and London—including Andrew Millar (who published Hume in 1748), William Strahan, Alexander Kincaid, and John Bell—all of whom cultivated authors and built publishing houses with unique strengths and reputations. The amount of detail offered about these publishers can be daunting, but Sher is keen on demonstrating the complexity of the publishing world. Letters between William Creech in Edinburgh and Strahan in London, for example, spell out in detail their efforts to manage their authors, their investments, and constant copyright issues, including those "scandalous abridgements" that they felt threatened their business (p. 357). Sher's second and larger aim in this part of the book is to demonstrate a high level of publisher agency in the Scottish Enlightenment, in a way that challenges Robert Darnton's characterization of publishers as neutral brokers in the book culture. Rather, Sher deftly shows that these publishers were motivated by a host of factors, including a desire for status and fame (not unlike the authors they made famous), a sense of national pride for their fellow Scots, strong bonds with particular authors whom they had cultivated, and an even stronger sense that their work as publishers allowed them to carry important values and ideas to a wide audience. As Creech wrote to James Beattie in 1789, "I feel a pride in being your publisher for I love the man and I love his works. Be assured you deal with no mercenary vendor of literature" (pp. 418–19). Sher devotes the final third of his book to the publishers in Dublin and Philadelphia who reprinted Scottish Enlightenment works in what he views as an act of cultural appropriation. Reprinting was a lucrative business, but not...

Reviewed by: The Theater of Experiment: Staging Natural Philosophy in Eighteenth-Century Britain by Al Coppola John O'Brien Al Coppola. The Theater of Experiment: Staging Natural Philosophy in Eighteenth-Century Britain. New York: Oxford, 2016. Pp. x + 265. $82.00. Francis Bacon tried to warn us. In his New Organon (1620), he argues (in a translation from the Latin by Lisa Jardine and Michael Silverthorne) that "All the philosophies that men have learned or devised are, in our opinion, so many plays produced and performed which have created false and fictitious worlds." Bacon is famously calling for a new philosophy based in reality rather than illusion. The empirical science that the Royal Society would institutionalize later in the seventeenth century seemed to fulfill Bacon's hopes by putting reality ahead of the "Idols of the Theater" and "fairytale theories" that had dominated natural philosophy since the ancient world. Or did it? Mr. Coppola's witty, engaging, and well-researched book, which takes the quotation from Bacon as its epigraph, demonstrates how fully the empiricist natural philosophy of the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries remained indebted to the figure of the theater. He also demonstrates how routinely the theater of the period turned to science as a topic, staging, often satirically, the careers of virtuosi, virtuosa, and scientists of all sorts in plays like (among others) Shadwell's The Virtuoso (1676), D'Urfey's Madame Fickle (1677), Behn's The Emperor of the Moon (1687), the Gay, Arbuthnot, and Pope collaboration Three Hours After Marriage (1717), Centlivre's The Basset Table (1705) and A Bold Stroke for a Wife (1718), and the Doctor Faustus pantomimes that premiered in both of the London patent houses in 1723. Setting the theater and the new science in dialogue with one another, Mr. Coppola makes intelligible how fully a new understanding of spectatorship itself, one that would become normative by the middle of the century, came to be shared by the worlds of science and the stage. Mr. Coppola structures Theater of Experiment like a main piece performance from the theater of the period, with prologue, five chapters in the place of acts, and an epilogue. The book gives tribute on the page to its argument that the success of the modern empiricist science that emerged to answer Bacon's call constituted what Mr. Coppola calls a "culture of spectacle." Knowledge production depends on a new belief in seeing for one's self, a belief that drove transformational change in all modes of public performance, scientific and theatrical. In the book's prologue and epilogue, he frames these changes through efficient invocations of one of the period's most popular and characteristic theatrical subgenres, the rehearsal play. Inaugurated in the early 1670s with the Duke of Buckingham's Rehearsal, the play became a durable framework for satire, resorted to by (among others) Behn's Emperor of the Moon and Fielding's Pasquin and The Historical Register for the Year 1736. While the play most obviously satirizes the theater itself, Mr. Coppola argues persuasively in his prologue that Rehearsal was also a way of ridiculing the culture's growing faith in the power of empiricism itself, what he calls the "Bayesification" of a culture in which the sheer accumulation of new facts is its own vehicle of persuasion. For Buckingham and his collaborators, the foolish playwright Bayes and the performances he orchestrated were less the central targets than a symptom of a generalized overinvestment in the power of things to convey truth that the theater and the [End Page 83] new empirical science shared. The epilogue returns to the rehearsal frame via Fielding's two rehearsal pieces of the mid-1730s, a point at which "the thrall of reflexive empiricism" that Buckingham had focalized in the figure of the playwright had now thoroughly infected the spectators themselves. The five central chapters offer case studies that typically attend to pairs or clusters of texts that exemplify an aspect of this culture of spectacle and identify problems. For example, Mr. Coppola pairs Shadwell's widely known Virtuoso with the much less familiar Madame Fickle by D'Urfey, which he argues persuasively is "a point-by...